This preprint is under consideration at BMC Ophthalmology. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
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Research Article
Ho Sik Hwang
Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: A polarization-directed flat (PDF) lens acts as a converging lens with a focal length (f) > 0 and a diverging lens with f < 0, depending on the polarization state of the incidental light. To produce a multifocal lens with two focal lengths, a PDF and a converging lens having shorter focal length were combined. In this study, we tested to determine its potential as a new multifocal intraocular lens (IOL).
Methods: Constructed a multifocal lens with a PDF lens (f=+/- 100 mm) and a converging lens (f= +50 mm). In an optical bench test, we measured the lens’s focal lengths to test the multifocal function. The multifocal function and optical quality of the lens in various situations were tested. An Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart as a near target and a parking lot as a distant target were photographed using a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Both lenses (multifocal and monofocal) were tested under same conditions.
Results: In the optical bench test, the multifocal lens’s focal lengths were 31.2 and 71.2 mm. In the DSLR test using the multifocal lens, the parking lot appeared slightly cloudy compared to the monofocal lens results. With the multifocal lens, the ETDRS chart’s images became blurry as the ETDRS chart’s distance decreased, but became very clear again at a certain position.
Conclusions: We confirmed the multifocal function of the multifocal lens using a PDF lens. This lens can be used as a multifocal IOL in the future.
Keywords
multifocal lens, polarization-directed flat, intraocular lens
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No competing interests reported.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Video1.mp4
Video 1. DSLR camera test (Near distance, pupil diameter 4.0 mm). With the monofocal lens, as the distance to the ETDRS chart decreases, the images become increasingly blurry, but there was no chromatic aberration.
- Video2.mp4
Video 2. DSLR camera test (Near distance, pupil diameter 4.0 mm). With a multifocal lens, as the distance to the ETDRS chart decreases, the images became blurry, but they become very clear again at a certain position. At this position, the distance between the achromatic converging lens surface and the DSLR camera sensor is 62 mm. Chromatic aberration in the letters on the edge is observed. As the distance become smaller, the images again appear blurry.
- Video3.mp4
Video 3. DSLR camera test (Far and near distance, pupil diameter 4.0 mm). A: With the monofocal lens, the parking lot appears very clear, but the letters in the ETDRS chart are impossible to identify at a distance of about 60 mm.
- Video4.mp4
Video 4. DSLR camera test (Far and near distance, pupil diameter 4.0 mm). With the multifocal lens, the parking lot appears slightly cloudy compared with the image from the monofocal lens, but the letters in the ETDRS chart appear very clear. At this time, the distance between the ETDRS chart and the achromatic converging lens surface is about 60 mm.
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 20 Apr, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 06 May, 2021
Reviews received
Received 20 Apr, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 19 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 19 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 19 Apr, 2021
Editor invited
On 19 Apr, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 19 Apr, 2021
First submitted
On 14 Apr, 2021
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Subject Areas
Ophthalmology
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Ophthalmology. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Ho Sik Hwang
Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 20 Apr, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 06 May, 2021
Reviews received
Received 20 Apr, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 19 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 19 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 19 Apr, 2021
Editor invited
On 19 Apr, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 19 Apr, 2021
First submitted
On 14 Apr, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Ophthalmology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: A polarization-directed flat (PDF) lens acts as a converging lens with a focal length (f) > 0 and a diverging lens with f < 0, depending on the polarization state of the incidental light. To produce a multifocal lens with two focal lengths, a PDF and a converging lens having shorter focal length were combined. In this study, we tested to determine its potential as a new multifocal intraocular lens (IOL).
Methods: Constructed a multifocal lens with a PDF lens (f=+/- 100 mm) and a converging lens (f= +50 mm). In an optical bench test, we measured the lens’s focal lengths to test the multifocal function. The multifocal function and optical quality of the lens in various situations were tested. An Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart as a near target and a parking lot as a distant target were photographed using a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Both lenses (multifocal and monofocal) were tested under same conditions.
Results: In the optical bench test, the multifocal lens’s focal lengths were 31.2 and 71.2 mm. In the DSLR test using the multifocal lens, the parking lot appeared slightly cloudy compared to the monofocal lens results. With the multifocal lens, the ETDRS chart’s images became blurry as the ETDRS chart’s distance decreased, but became very clear again at a certain position.
Conclusions: We confirmed the multifocal function of the multifocal lens using a PDF lens. This lens can be used as a multifocal IOL in the future.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
No competing interests reported.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Video1.mp4
Video 1. DSLR camera test (Near distance, pupil diameter 4.0 mm). With the monofocal lens, as the distance to the ETDRS chart decreases, the images become increasingly blurry, but there was no chromatic aberration.
- Video2.mp4
Video 2. DSLR camera test (Near distance, pupil diameter 4.0 mm). With a multifocal lens, as the distance to the ETDRS chart decreases, the images became blurry, but they become very clear again at a certain position. At this position, the distance between the achromatic converging lens surface and the DSLR camera sensor is 62 mm. Chromatic aberration in the letters on the edge is observed. As the distance become smaller, the images again appear blurry.
- Video3.mp4
Video 3. DSLR camera test (Far and near distance, pupil diameter 4.0 mm). A: With the monofocal lens, the parking lot appears very clear, but the letters in the ETDRS chart are impossible to identify at a distance of about 60 mm.
- Video4.mp4
Video 4. DSLR camera test (Far and near distance, pupil diameter 4.0 mm). With the multifocal lens, the parking lot appears slightly cloudy compared with the image from the monofocal lens, but the letters in the ETDRS chart appear very clear. At this time, the distance between the ETDRS chart and the achromatic converging lens surface is about 60 mm.
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