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Ricardo Romero-mendez
Universidad Aiutonoma de San Luis Potosi
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-7469
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Background: The volume of the coagulation zones created during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is limited by the appearance of roll-off. Doping the tissue with conductive fluids, e.g. gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could enlarge these zones by delaying roll-off. Our goal was to characterize the electrical conductivity of a substrate doped with AuNPs in a computer modeling study and ex vivo experiments to investigate their effect on coagulation zone volumes.
Methods: The electrical conductivity of substrates doped with normal saline or AuNPs was assessed experimentally on agar phantoms. The computer models, built and solved on COMSOL Multiphysics, consisted of a cylindrical domain mimicking liver tissue and a spherical domain mimicking a doped zone with 2, 3 and 4 cm diameters. Ex vivo experiments were conducted on bovine liver fragments under three different conditions: 1) non-doped tissue (ND Group), 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl (NaCl Group), and 2 mL of AuNPs 0.1 wt% (AuNPs Group).
Results: The theoretical analysis showed that adding normal saline or colloidal gold in concentrations lower than 10% only modifies the electrical conductivity of the doped substrate with practically no change in the thermal characteristics. The computer results showed a relationship between doped zone size and electrode length regarding the created coagulation zone. There was good agreement between the ex vivo and computational results in terms of transverse diameter of the coagulation zone.
Conclusions: Both the computer and ex vivo experiments showed that doping with AuNPs can enlarge the coagulation zone, especially the transverse diameter and hence enhance sphericity.
Keywords
Gold nanoparticles, nanofluid, saline solution, radiofrequency ablation
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View the published article at BioMedical Engineering OnLine.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 13 Dec, 2020
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On 29 Nov, 2020
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On 29 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Nov, 2020
Version 2
Posted 11 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 17 Nov, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 17 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 12 Oct, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 12 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 05 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 17 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Jul, 2020
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On 17 Jul, 2020
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On 16 Jul, 2020
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Ricardo Romero-mendez
Universidad Aiutonoma de San Luis Potosi
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-7469
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BioMedical Engineering OnLine.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 13 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Nov, 2020
Version 2
Posted 11 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 17 Nov, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 17 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 12 Oct, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 12 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 05 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 17 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 17 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 16 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biomedical Engineering
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BioMedical Engineering OnLine.
Background: The volume of the coagulation zones created during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is limited by the appearance of roll-off. Doping the tissue with conductive fluids, e.g. gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could enlarge these zones by delaying roll-off. Our goal was to characterize the electrical conductivity of a substrate doped with AuNPs in a computer modeling study and ex vivo experiments to investigate their effect on coagulation zone volumes.
Methods: The electrical conductivity of substrates doped with normal saline or AuNPs was assessed experimentally on agar phantoms. The computer models, built and solved on COMSOL Multiphysics, consisted of a cylindrical domain mimicking liver tissue and a spherical domain mimicking a doped zone with 2, 3 and 4 cm diameters. Ex vivo experiments were conducted on bovine liver fragments under three different conditions: 1) non-doped tissue (ND Group), 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl (NaCl Group), and 2 mL of AuNPs 0.1 wt% (AuNPs Group).
Results: The theoretical analysis showed that adding normal saline or colloidal gold in concentrations lower than 10% only modifies the electrical conductivity of the doped substrate with practically no change in the thermal characteristics. The computer results showed a relationship between doped zone size and electrode length regarding the created coagulation zone. There was good agreement between the ex vivo and computational results in terms of transverse diameter of the coagulation zone.
Conclusions: Both the computer and ex vivo experiments showed that doping with AuNPs can enlarge the coagulation zone, especially the transverse diameter and hence enhance sphericity.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
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