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Research article
Qianyi Xiao
Fudan University
Corresponding Author
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Background: Cognitive leisure activity, such as reading, playing mahjong or cards and computer use, is common among older adults in China. Previous studies suggest a protective role of cognitive leisure activity against cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between cognitive leisure activity and all-cause mortality has rarely been reported.
Objectives: This study aims to explore the relationships between cognitive leisure activity and all-cause mortality in a community-based elderly cohort in China.
Methods: The current study sample comprised 4003 community residents aged ≥ 60 y who were enrolled in June 2015, and were followed up every year from 2015 to 2018. Reading, playing mahjong or cards and computer use were measured by questionnaires and summed into a cognitive leisure activity index (CLAI) score. Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to examine the association of cognitive leisure activity with all-cause mortality.
Results: During the 4-year follow-up of 4003 participants, 208 (5.2%) deaths were registered. Of all participants, 66.8%, 26.7%, 6.1% and 0.35% reported CLAI scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A strong association was noted between the CLA score and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.54-0.96, P = 0.025). Stratified analysis suggested that a higher CLAI score was significantly associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality mainly among those who were male, aged ≥ 80 y, cognitively impaired, and not diagnosed with cancer (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Cognitive leisure activity has beneficial effect on reduced risk of death from all cause among the elderly in China, which helped promote a comprehensive understanding of health characteristics at advanced ages.
Keywords
Cognitive leisure activity, mortality, older adults, cohort study
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- supplementarymaterial.docx
Supplementary Figure S1: Kaplan-Meier survival curves of dichotomized individual cognitive leisure activity with survival. (a) playing mahjong or cards. (b) reading. (c) computer use. Supplementary Table S1: Prevalence and death rate of all 8 combinations of cognitive leisure activity behaviors. Supplementary Table S2: The distribution of education level and individual cognitive leisure activity in Men and Women. Supplementary Table S3: The distribution of cardiovascular disease, cancer and BMI in PA active and PA inactive.
- Questionnaire.pdf
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
Version 2
Posted 18 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 10 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 10 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 06 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 05 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 05 Jan, 2021
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 05 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 04 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Geriatrics & Gerontology
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Geriatrics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Qianyi Xiao
Fudan University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
Version 2
Posted 18 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 10 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 10 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 06 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 05 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 05 Jan, 2021
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 05 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 04 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Geriatrics & Gerontology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
Background: Cognitive leisure activity, such as reading, playing mahjong or cards and computer use, is common among older adults in China. Previous studies suggest a protective role of cognitive leisure activity against cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between cognitive leisure activity and all-cause mortality has rarely been reported.
Objectives: This study aims to explore the relationships between cognitive leisure activity and all-cause mortality in a community-based elderly cohort in China.
Methods: The current study sample comprised 4003 community residents aged ≥ 60 y who were enrolled in June 2015, and were followed up every year from 2015 to 2018. Reading, playing mahjong or cards and computer use were measured by questionnaires and summed into a cognitive leisure activity index (CLAI) score. Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to examine the association of cognitive leisure activity with all-cause mortality.
Results: During the 4-year follow-up of 4003 participants, 208 (5.2%) deaths were registered. Of all participants, 66.8%, 26.7%, 6.1% and 0.35% reported CLAI scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A strong association was noted between the CLA score and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.54-0.96, P = 0.025). Stratified analysis suggested that a higher CLAI score was significantly associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality mainly among those who were male, aged ≥ 80 y, cognitively impaired, and not diagnosed with cancer (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Cognitive leisure activity has beneficial effect on reduced risk of death from all cause among the elderly in China, which helped promote a comprehensive understanding of health characteristics at advanced ages.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- supplementarymaterial.docx
Supplementary Figure S1: Kaplan-Meier survival curves of dichotomized individual cognitive leisure activity with survival. (a) playing mahjong or cards. (b) reading. (c) computer use. Supplementary Table S1: Prevalence and death rate of all 8 combinations of cognitive leisure activity behaviors. Supplementary Table S2: The distribution of education level and individual cognitive leisure activity in Men and Women. Supplementary Table S3: The distribution of cardiovascular disease, cancer and BMI in PA active and PA inactive.
- Questionnaire.pdf
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