Enhancement of Methane Generation from the Sewage by the Addition of Fish Waste

Purpose-Fish waste affects the area surrounding and can change a broad oceanfront zone at unlike environment levels by its euent. In order to reduce the environmental impacts of improper disposal of both sh waste and sewage in the vicinity of the shing industry in the coastal zone, an attempt has been made to convert the mixture of sh waste and sewage into energy. Findings-The by-product wastes mainly head, bones, skin, gut, tail and sometimes full whole sh waste. The main composition of sh waste is Protein 65%, fat 18% and minerals 17%. So sh waste having a large amount of biodegradable matter when compared to fresh sewage and also by adding higher amount of sh waste we can able to generate higher methane emissions. Methodology-The ultimate aim of the project is to nd the optimum methane gas emission from sh waste mixed with fresh sewage using the anaerobic digestion for the experimental part. And for the stoichiometry combustion equation for the theoretical part. Value-Using stoichiometries equations methane gas generated has been calculated from the mixture of sewage and sh waste. Using the Orsat’s apparatus methane gas generated hasbeen measured from the mixture of sewage and sh waste. The correlation coecient - R 2 value is 0.9906 indicating a strong correlation for the predicted values and the measured values.


Introduction
This paper presents a new combination of predicting methane generation from fresh sewage and sh waste collected from the Nagapattinam coastal area located in Tamilnadu(Chen Shi et al.,2012). From CPCB it is referred that the fresh sewage from rst class and second class cities is forty thousand million litre per day(Yong-SungKimet al.,2012). Out of which only twelve thousand million litre per day is only disinfected and the balance is dumped into the aquatic bodies deprived of treatment(American Public Health Association and American Water Works Association 1998).In order to inhibit health di culties, fresh sewage must be treated to create the water harmless to coming back into watercourses and to use again (Gitis V et al., 2018). The fresh sewage and sh waste effects on the environment are largely negative (Czepiel et al., 1995).These are needed to be properly managed before it can be disposed (Ghada A et al., 2020).The study was aimed to determine the current status of sh waste management strategies for the Nagapattinam coastal city (Mata-Alvarez J et al., 2000). In sh waste management sh waste by-product utilization, to produce methane from sh waste (Kythreotou. N et al., 2014) (Solli Let al.,2014).
On an average, Tamil Nadu's marine sh production is about 17.3% of that India's production(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations2016). The main occupation of Nagapattinam people is shing in the waters of the Bay of Bengal and selling the catch in the sh market (Shiplu Sarkeret al., 2019). Thus, Nagapattinam coastal area is known to have rich resources of Anchovy, Barracuda, King Mackeral, Pomfret, Red Snapper, Salmon, Sardine, Shark and Tilapia sheries (S. Ramu et al.,2015) and (Palani kumar M1 et al., 2014). The waste disposal problem of sewage and sh waste in Nagapattinam facing a serious problem and creates a wide impact on the environment and Human health (Guven H et al., 2019). The ultimate dictum of this project proposal is to reduce the waste disposal and convert the Bio waste (sewage and sh waste) into energy instead of direct dumping on the land or water bodies (Hee-Jeong Choiet al., 2021). Fish waste consists of more nutrients for the microbial reactions, thereby we can enhance the methane (Pushparajan N et al.,2002) (Amon Tet al.,2006 The production of Biogas potent from sh waste as a renewable energy under mesophilic condition for 28 days as an energetic and economic estimated production source.
Detail study of four different sh concentration and Biomethane potential.

Kaspars ivanovus et al., (2018)
For designing the anaerobic digestion processes of sh waste modelling to reduce the high level of toxical ammonia release while sh processing.
Understanding of Biomethane potential of both thermophilic and mesophilic conditions with the development of mathematical equation.

Mohamed
Mahmoud ALI et al., Prediction of Methanogen potential production by using three model groups and optimization of cumulative methane production.
The stoichiometry equation of the BMPthOFC model for the percentages of proteins, carbohydrate is directly taken.

5.
Palani kumar M1 et al., Determination of the proximate and major mineral composition of 23 n shes landed in Thoothukudi were examined by proximate and mineral composition analysis of biochemical constituents.
The values of different sh species are analyzed and checked by comparing the values mentioned. Two parallel laboratory scale production of methane under anaerobic digestion by co-digestion of sh waste silage and cow manure when the effects of a gradually increased load.
Under 30 days of hydraulic retention time with a mesophilic temperature range of 37 °C methane production increased by 100% when sh waste silage feed stock was added.

7.
A.S. Ondo-Azi, et al., To determine the proximate composition of 5 sh species under microbial spoilage by chemical and microbial analysis Proximate composition of different sh species.

Chen Shi et al., (2012)
The determination of methane potential optimal co-digestion under anaerobic mesophilic inoculum conditions to reduce the pollution on the marine environment.
Detailed study on Anaerobic mesophilic inoculum optimizing generation potential by BMP test for 13 days.

Gopi
Krishna Ka e et al., The evaluation of productivity potential of Biogas under anaerobic conditions by comparing different models for biogas production and critical hydraulic retention time.
Study on batch trails and sh waste has the methane potential of 73% under 13 days mesophilic condition. 10.
Optimizing pools of different chemical composition of carbohydrate, protein and lipid by the selected methods, optimization and analysis in domestic wastewater under suitable method Anthrone method with high precision.
The percentage of carbohydrates, protein and lipids for domestic waste water was taken directly.
Research gap: Based on the literature review this research is a combination of sh waste and fresh sewage to enhance methane generation by using bio-reactor.

SCOPE OF WORK
The opportunity of the contemporary effort is to conduct an investigation in research laboratory measure.
To produce methane from the anaerobic breakdown of sh waste and fresh sewage to make a waste into an e cient utilization of pro table energy. To reduce the pollution causing due to the disposal of sh waste and fresh sewage directly into the ocean dump and costal lands. In order to protect our environment to provide methane has the potential to replace fossil fuels.

OBJECTIVES
To Enhance methane generation To promote the Conversion of Bio-waste (sewage and sh waste) into energy (methane) To develop a better and effective idea on the combination of sh waste and fresh sewage into a useful production  Raunkjaer et al., 1994).Then these values were used in the Stiometric equation to determine the methane concentration of the fresh sewage sample in terms of ml/g.
The nutritional values of fresh sewage sample collected from Nagapattinam Municipality are shown in Table 2.

PREDICTION OF METHANE FROM FISH WASTE AND FRESH SEWAGE
By using the above three sets of combination converted values the predicted methane generation of sh waste of 1kg is 0.167 ml/g. .By considering the same sh waste value and addition with different combination of fresh sewage is shown in Table 3.

PREDICTION OF METHANE FROM FRESH SEWAGE AND FISH WASTE
By using the above three sets of combination converted values we Predicted methane generation of fresh sewage of 1L is 0.519ml/g. By considering the same fresh sewage value and addition with different combination of fresh sewage Predicted methane from 1litre of fresh sewage mixed with different combination of sh waste is shown in Table 4.  (Milono P et al.,1981) Combinations taken to measure Methane from Fish waste mixed with Fresh Sewage is shown in Table 5.  3.6.2 PART II: Experimental investigation of Methane generation from Fresh Sewage mixed with Fish waste (Svardal K et al., 2011) Combinations taken to measure Methane from Fresh Sewage mixed with Fish waste is shown in Table 6.  Measured values of methane under anaerobic digestion of sh waste with 3 different combination of fresh sewage for 5 days at 40°C − 55°C using Automatic Digital Orsat gas analysis shown in Table 7.

Conclusion
Using stoichiometries equation methane gas generation was calculated from the mixture of fresh sewage and sh waste. Using the automatic digital Orsat apparatus methane generated is automatically measured under anaerobic conditions from the fresh sewage and sh waste. The predictions and measurements are validated by nding the correlation coe cient -R 2 value as 0.9907.
By the addition of sh waste to the fresh sewage methane gas generation is enhanced.A higher quantity of sewage and lower combinations of sh waste can give better results.

SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
For future proceeding will be possible by collecting the sh waste sample from the whole coastal area means ultimately the value of the per day generation exceeds to the pro table utilization of renewable energy instead of affecting the environment by direct dumping.

Declarations
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I want to express and convey my thankfulness to the management who provided lab facility to conduct experiments as well as our principal who gave me the opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic (Enhancement of Methane Generation from the Sewage by the Addition of Fish Waste).