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Amadou Barrow
University of The Gambia
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-9355
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Background: The effects of breastfeeding practices on children’s health are undoubtedly of great interest worldwide. However, there is inequalities in the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in many resource-constrained settings. The aim of this study was to explore regional prevalence and examine the socioeconomic inequalities in EBF, EIBF and SSC in Nigeria.
Methods: Data on 2,936 infants under six months old were extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) to determine EBF. In addition, data from 21,569 children were analyzed for EIBF and SSC. Concentration index (CI) and concentration curve were used to measure socioeconomic inequalities in EBF, EIBF and SSC.
Results: The prevalence of EBF, EIBF and SSC were 31.8%, 44.2% and 12.1% respectively. Furthermore, Ogun State had the highest prevalence of EBF (71.4%); while Bayelsa State had the highest prevalence of SSC (67.8%) and EIBF (96.2%) respectively. Urban dwellers had higher prevalence of EBF, SSC and EIBF across household wealth quintile and by levels of mothers’ education in contrast to their rural counterparts. We quantified the degree of wealth-related and mothers education inequalities in EBF, SSC and EIBF. There were pro-rich EBF (CI = 0.118; p< 0.001), EIBF (CI = 0.103; p=0.002) and SSC (CI = 0.152; p< 0.001) respectively. Also, EBF (CI = 0.157; p< 0.001), EIBF (CI = 0.091; p< 0.001) and SSC (CI = 0.156; p< 0.001) were significantly more concentrated among mothers with higher educational attainment. The test for differences between urban versus rural was significant in EBF, SSC and EIBF by mothers educational attainment. But this was only significant in EIBF by household wealth respectively.
Conclusion: Socioeconomic status determined breastfeeding practices and SSC in Nigeria. Breastfeeding practices interventions should target all mothers, especially those of low socioeconomic status and to ensure improvements in baby friendly initiatives.
Keywords
Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, neonatal mortality, kangaroo care, inequality
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Research
Amadou Barrow
University of The Gambia
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-9355
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 2
Posted 25 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
No comments provided
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: The effects of breastfeeding practices on children’s health are undoubtedly of great interest worldwide. However, there is inequalities in the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in many resource-constrained settings. The aim of this study was to explore regional prevalence and examine the socioeconomic inequalities in EBF, EIBF and SSC in Nigeria.
Methods: Data on 2,936 infants under six months old were extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) to determine EBF. In addition, data from 21,569 children were analyzed for EIBF and SSC. Concentration index (CI) and concentration curve were used to measure socioeconomic inequalities in EBF, EIBF and SSC.
Results: The prevalence of EBF, EIBF and SSC were 31.8%, 44.2% and 12.1% respectively. Furthermore, Ogun State had the highest prevalence of EBF (71.4%); while Bayelsa State had the highest prevalence of SSC (67.8%) and EIBF (96.2%) respectively. Urban dwellers had higher prevalence of EBF, SSC and EIBF across household wealth quintile and by levels of mothers’ education in contrast to their rural counterparts. We quantified the degree of wealth-related and mothers education inequalities in EBF, SSC and EIBF. There were pro-rich EBF (CI = 0.118; p< 0.001), EIBF (CI = 0.103; p=0.002) and SSC (CI = 0.152; p< 0.001) respectively. Also, EBF (CI = 0.157; p< 0.001), EIBF (CI = 0.091; p< 0.001) and SSC (CI = 0.156; p< 0.001) were significantly more concentrated among mothers with higher educational attainment. The test for differences between urban versus rural was significant in EBF, SSC and EIBF by mothers educational attainment. But this was only significant in EIBF by household wealth respectively.
Conclusion: Socioeconomic status determined breastfeeding practices and SSC in Nigeria. Breastfeeding practices interventions should target all mothers, especially those of low socioeconomic status and to ensure improvements in baby friendly initiatives.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
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