Investigation of the Biological Treatability of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewaters in a Batch-operated Aerobic Bioreactor

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-448821/v1

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Investigation of the Biological Treatability of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewaters in a Batch-operated Aerobic Bioreactor

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-448821/v1

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posted 25 May, 2021

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This study encompasses investigation of treatment of pistachio processing industry wastewaters in a batch reactor under aerobic conditions, calculation of kinetic parameters and comparison of different inhibition models. The mixed microorganism culture used in the study was adapted to pistachio processing industry wastewaters for nearly one month and then concentrations from 50-1000 mg L^− 1 of pistachio processing industry wastewaters were added to the medium and treatment was investigated in batch experiments. The Andrews, Han-Levenspiel, Luong and Aiba biokinetic equations were chosen for the correlations between the concentration of pistachio processing industry wastewaters and specific growth rates, and the kinetic parameters in these biokinetic equations were calculated. The µ_max, K_s and K_i parameters, included in the Aiba biokinetic equation providing best fit among the other equations, had values calculated as 0.25 h^− 1, 19 mg L^− 1, and 516 mg L^− 1, respectively.

Environmental Engineering

Environmental Policy

Aiba biokinetic equation

biological treatment

mathematical modeling

pistachio processing industry wastewater

Table 1 Characterization of the PPIW
Measured parameter	Unit	1st period	2nd period
TCOD	mg L^-1	20 891	15 700
DCOD	mg L^-1	9 137	4 520
PCOD	mg L^-1	11 754	11 184
TSS	mg L^-1	9 600	6 100
TSM	mg L^-1	16 384	11 710
TOC	mg L^-1	3 410	3 225
TN	mg L^-1	125.5	116
BOD (final)	mg L^-1	3 742	3 074
TP	mg L^-1	1 750	354.34
P	mg L^-1	52.26	13.45
Ammonia	mg L^-1	1.31	1.02
Oil	mg L^-1	11.37	9.6
pH	mg L^-1	5.99	5.5
Temperature	°C	18	18
Conductivity	ms cm^-1	2.69	2.67
Turbidity	NTU	995	990
Cl^-	mg L^-1	-	290.67
NO₃^-	mg L^-1	-	0.61
SO₄^2-	mg L^-1	-	37.32
PO₄^3-	mg L^-1	-	6.7
Na⁺	mg L^-1	-	337.79
NH₄⁺	mg L^-1	-	2.58
K⁺	mg L^-1	-	650.8
Mg⁺	mg L^-1	-	24.18
Ca⁺	mg L^-1	-	121.127

Table 2 Content of liquid culture media (for 100 g L^-1 COD)
Chemical agent	Unit	Amount
Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄)	mg L^-1	72.22
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄.7H₂O)	mg L^-1	10
Iron III chloride (FeCl₃.6H₂O)	mg L^-1	0.1
Manganese sulfate (MnSO₄. H₂O)	mg L^-1	10
Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)	mg L^-1	2
Potassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄)	mg L^-1	50
Potassium diphosphate (K₂HPO₄)	mg L^-1	100

Table 3 Kinetic parameters obtained after modeling
Model	μ_max	K_s	K_i	S_m	m	n	R²	∑(µ-µ_i)²
Andrews	1.1257	126.969	53.7951	-	-	-	0.9542	1.35*10^-3
Luong	0.1894	4.6084	-	1000	-	1.0908	0.9653	1.39*10^-3
Han-Levenspiel	0.1896	5.6131	-	1000	1	1.0991	0.9653	1.39*10^-3
Aiba	0.2517	19.9013	516.4340	-	-	-	0.9827	4.9*10^-4

Table 4

Boundary conditions

K_s ≤ K_i

μₑ* ≤ μ_max ≤ 3μₑ*

K_s ≤ 1 000 mg L^-1

Table 5 Comparison of calculated biokinetic parameters with data obtained from similar wastewater
Wastewater	Model	μ_max(h^-1)	K_s (mg L^-1)	K_i (mg L^-1)	K (mg L^-1)	S_m	n	m	Reference
Olive Mill Wastewater	Aiba	0.302	22.306	623.496	-	-	-	-	Kul and Nuhoğlu, 2020
	Haldane	0.428	45.335	207.967	-	-	-	-
	Tseng	0.099	79.563	0.1	-	1.802	-	-
	Yano and Koga	0.18	3.613	1327.466	1189.181	-	-	-
Tannins	Haldane	0.545±0.194	0.119±0.065	0.234±0.129	-	-	-	-	Tramšek et al., 2006
	Edwards	0.319±0.045	0.066±0.013	0.732±0.168	-	-	-	-
	Luong	0.358±0.061	0.063±0.019	-	-	0.972±0.338	0.832±0.666	-
	Aiba	0.481±0.081	0.096±0.027	0.557±0.086	-	-	-	-
Cellulose production	Andrew	0.536	2.43	2.42	-	-	-	-	Agarwal, Mahanty et al., 2009
	Han-Levenspiel	0.162	58.73	-	-	14.91	0.622	34.98
	Luong	0.367	2.48	-	-	1681	220.1	-
	Aiba	0.369	2.49	7.59	-	-	-	-
Phenol removal	Han-Levenspiel	0.2901	252.1	-	-	720	1	1	Dey and Mukherjee, 2010
	Luong	0.1291	59.39	-	-	1148	0.9	-
	Aiba	0.2579	200.3	502	-	-	-	-
Phenol removal	Luong	0.0238	46.67	-	-	400	2.1	-	Saravanan, Pakshirajan et al., 2011
Phenol removal	Han-Levenspiel	0.0257	40.55	-	-	400	0.6	1	Saravanan, Pakshirajan et al., 2011
PPIW	Andrew	1.1257	126.97	53.7951	-	-	-	-	This study
	Han-Levenspiel	0.1896	5.6131	-	-	1000	1.099	1
	Luong	0.1894	4.6084	-	-	1000	1.099	-
	Aiba	0.2517	19.9013	516.434	-	-	-	-

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Investigation of the Biological Treatability of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewaters in a Batch-operated Aerobic Bioreactor

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