This paper proposes the stiffness nonlinearities and asymmetric SD (smooth and discontinuous) oscillators under time-delay feedback control with a fractional damping. With the effect of displacement and velocity feedback, the oscillator is adjusted to the desired vibration state and then the stochastic resonance (SR) is achieved. This article discusses the contribution of various system parameters and time-delay feedback to SR, especially which induced by fractional damping. It should be noted that this paper provides effective guidance for fault diagnosis and weak signal detection, energy harvesting, vibration isolation and vibration reduction.