The effect of process parameters on the polarization of alloying elements and crystallographic orientation was explored. The results show that the degree of elemental segregation decreases with increasing scanning rate, and the degree of segregation rather increases with increasing deposition height. The microstructures of all specimens consisted mostly of columnar grains grown epitaxially along the deposition direction, showing a clear <001> orientation weave. The increase in scanning rate weakened the epitaxial growth effect of the crystals, and the strength of the weave in the <001> direction was significantly weakened. In addition, the actual growth direction of the dendrites is not strictly parallel to the printing direction, but tilted towards the laser scanning direction, resulting in a significant deflection angle from the printing direction. Based on the synergistic effect of local temperature gradient and grain-optimized orientation, a composite temperature gradient model is established in combination with numerical simulation of the temperature field to rationally explain this phenomenon. The fundamental reason for the deflection of the growth direction of the dendrites is that the direction of the composite temperature gradient deviates from the deposition direction, and the transverse temperature gradient is larger after increasing the scanning rate, thus the deflection angle is larger.