2.1 General There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of age composition, gender composition, race, climatic conditions and living environment (P>0.05), and they were comparable.
2.2 Climate and season and allergic rhinitis
The questionnaire survey on climatic factors revealed that temperature changes, wind speed, dryness and humidity, and air pressure changes were all related to the aggravation of allergic rhinitis symptoms. After univariate analysis of 24 climatic and seasonal factors that may have an influence on the development of allergic rhinitis (see Table 1), it was found that the risk factors associated with the development of allergic rhinitis were: cold, windy, humid, low air pressure, and spring and autumn.
Table 1 Univariate analysis of risk factors for allergic rhinitis in 1096 cases
group
|
Temperature change
|
Wind Speed
|
Dryness and humidity
|
Barometric pressure change
|
Spring aggravation
|
Summer aggravation
|
Fall aggravation
|
Winter aggravation
|
Aggravated when it is cold
|
Aggravated by the heat
|
aggravated when windy
|
Wind hours aggravated
|
Aggravated when wet
|
Aggravated when dry
|
aggravated by high air pressure
|
aggravated by low air pressure
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
yes
|
no
|
Allergic rhinitis group
|
609
|
487
|
307
|
789
|
458
|
638
|
120
|
976
|
649
|
447
|
335
|
761
|
227
|
869
|
758
|
338
|
367
|
729
|
117
|
979
|
391
|
705
|
221
|
875
|
Healthy control group
|
156
|
940
|
33
|
1063
|
34
|
1062
|
28
|
1068
|
87
|
1009
|
28
|
1068
|
40
|
1056
|
129
|
967
|
50
|
1046
|
39
|
1057
|
86
|
1010
|
51
|
1045
|
c2values
|
8.111
|
1.145
|
17.564
|
3.092
|
10.648
|
3.077
|
2.91
|
5.61
|
3.307
|
7.13
|
19.016
|
6.902
|
Pvalues
|
0.019
|
0.158
|
0.038
|
0.087
|
0.009
|
0.089
|
0.074
|
0.045
|
0.001
|
0.069
|
0.016
|
0.071
|
2.3 Allergens and allergic rhinitis
In order to understand the relationship between allergens and allergic rhinitis, allergen testing was performed on 1096 patients with allergic rhinitis, and it was found that house dust mite and dust mite accounted for the highest proportion of environmental factors, reaching 40.51%, and were the most important allergens for allergic rhinitis. The environmental factors followed by Penicillium punctatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Streptomyces crossatus, accounting for 15.43%. And among the dietary factors, fish, shrimp and crab were the major allergens of allergic rhinitis, accounting for 5.38% (Table 2). These results indicate that house dust mite and dust mite among environmental factors are the main allergens of allergic rhinitis and play a major role in the development of allergic rhinitis.
Table 2 Allergen detection results of 1096 cases of allergic rhinitis
Name
|
Number of cases
|
Composition ratio(%)
|
Dust particles, powder dust particles
|
444
|
40.51
|
Cockroach
|
108
|
9.85
|
Cat fur dander, dog fur dander
|
82
|
7.48
|
Artemisia dwarf ragweed
|
126
|
11.49
|
Penicillium punctatum Mycosphaerella, Aspergillus fumigatus, Streptomyces crossatus
|
169
|
15.43
|
Cypress, elm, sycamore, willow, triangular-leaved poplar
|
38
|
3.47
|
Humulus japonicus
|
32
|
2.92
|
Eggs
|
5
|
0.46
|
Milk
|
4
|
0.36
|
Fish, shrimp and crab
|
59
|
5.38
|
Beef, lamb
|
6
|
0.55
|
Cashew nuts, peanuts, soybeans
|
3
|
0.27
|
Mango
|
1
|
0.09
|
Wheat
|
0
|
0
|
Combining two or more allergens
|
19
|
1.74
|
2.4 Multi-factor analysis of environment-related risk factors for allergic rhinitis
Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was performed and significant results are shown in Table 3. In terms of OR, house dust mite, dust mite (OR=9.458,95%CI: 4.011~19.373), Penicillium punctatum Mycosphaerella, Aspergillus fumigatus, Streptomyces crossatus (OR=,8.024, 95%CI:3.677~17.211), aggravated by humidity (OR =2.797,95%CI: 1.862-4.233), when windy (OR=2.015,95%CI: 1.311-3.048), when cold (OR=1.673,95%CI: 1.127-2.529), and when air pressure was low (OR=1.039,95%CI: 1.012-1.059). The risk of allergic rhinitis was higher for allergic rhinitis (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 1.012~1.059).
Table 3 Multifactorial analysis of environment-related risk factors for allergic rhinitis in China
Influencing Factors
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
P值
|
Lower
|
Upper
|
Aggravated when it is cold
|
1.673
|
1.127
|
2.529
|
0.042
|
aggravated when windy
|
2.015
|
1.311
|
3.048
|
0.049
|
Aggravated when wet
|
2.797
|
1.862
|
4.233
|
0.037
|
aggravated by low air pressure
|
1.039
|
1.012
|
1.059
|
0.038
|
Dust particles, powder dust particles
|
9.458
|
4.011
|
19.373
|
0.001
|
Penicillium punctatum Mycosphaerella, Aspergillus fumigatus, Streptomyces crossatus
|
8.024
|
3.677
|
17.211
|
0.029
|