The Standard Model of particle physics contains three generations of elementary fermions, which have prominent mass hierarchies. Through careful analysis of the observational data on the mass of elementary fermions, we determine that an intrinsic pattern does exist. A geometric progression is proposed to describe the mass distribution of elementary fermions, and using the observational data of neutrino oscillations, we can estimate the neutrino masses for all three generations. At the same time, we propose a hypothesis about the mass distribution of elementary fermions and explore the quantum physical mechanism of the origin of the elementary fermions masses hierarchies.