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Mohammed Nasir Shuaibu
Ahmadu Bello University
Corresponding Author
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Background The analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in drug-resistance associated genes is a commonly used strategy for the surveillance of anti-malarial drug resistance in populations of parasites. The present study was designed and performed to provide genetic epidemiological data of the prevalence of N86Y-Y184F-D1246Y SNPs in Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) in the malaria hotspot of Northern Nigeria.
Methods Plasmodium falciparum-positive blood samples on Whatman-3MM filter papers were collected from 750 symptomatic patients from four states (Kano, Kaduna, Yobe and Adamawa) in Northern Nigeria, and genotyped via BigDye (v3.1) terminator cycle sequencing for the presence of three SNPs in pfmdr1. SNPs in pfmdr1 were used to construct NYD, NYY, NFY, NFD, YYY, YYD, YFD and YFY haplotypes, and all data were analysed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's exact (FE) tests.
Results The prevalence of the pfmdr1 86Y allele was highest in Kaduna (12.50%, 𝜒² = 10.50, P = 0.02), whilst the 184F allele was highest in Kano (73.10%, 𝜒² = 13.20, P = 0.00), and the pfmdr1 1246Y allele was highest in Yobe (5.26%, 𝜒² = 9.20, P = 0.03). The NFD haplotype had the highest prevalence of 69.81% in Kano (𝜒² = 36.10, P = 0.00), followed by NYD with a prevalence of 49.00% in Adamawa, then YFD with prevalence of 11.46% in Kaduna. The YYY haplotype was not observed in any of the studied states.
Conclusion The present study suggests that strains of P. falciparum with reduced sensitivity to the lumefantrine component of AL exist in Northern Nigeria and predominate in the North-West region.
Keywords
Anti-malarial drug resistance, P. falciparum, single nucleotide polymorphisms, pfmdr1, haplotypes
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Learn more about In Review
Research
Mohammed Nasir Shuaibu
Ahmadu Bello University
Corresponding Author
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Malaria Journal.
Version 3
Posted 19 Nov, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 04 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 18 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 17 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 02 Sep, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 01 Sep, 2020
Review #5 received
Received 01 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 25 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 14 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 14 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 04 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 04 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Infectious Diseases
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Malaria Journal.
Background The analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in drug-resistance associated genes is a commonly used strategy for the surveillance of anti-malarial drug resistance in populations of parasites. The present study was designed and performed to provide genetic epidemiological data of the prevalence of N86Y-Y184F-D1246Y SNPs in Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) in the malaria hotspot of Northern Nigeria.
Methods Plasmodium falciparum-positive blood samples on Whatman-3MM filter papers were collected from 750 symptomatic patients from four states (Kano, Kaduna, Yobe and Adamawa) in Northern Nigeria, and genotyped via BigDye (v3.1) terminator cycle sequencing for the presence of three SNPs in pfmdr1. SNPs in pfmdr1 were used to construct NYD, NYY, NFY, NFD, YYY, YYD, YFD and YFY haplotypes, and all data were analysed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's exact (FE) tests.
Results The prevalence of the pfmdr1 86Y allele was highest in Kaduna (12.50%, 𝜒² = 10.50, P = 0.02), whilst the 184F allele was highest in Kano (73.10%, 𝜒² = 13.20, P = 0.00), and the pfmdr1 1246Y allele was highest in Yobe (5.26%, 𝜒² = 9.20, P = 0.03). The NFD haplotype had the highest prevalence of 69.81% in Kano (𝜒² = 36.10, P = 0.00), followed by NYD with a prevalence of 49.00% in Adamawa, then YFD with prevalence of 11.46% in Kaduna. The YYY haplotype was not observed in any of the studied states.
Conclusion The present study suggests that strains of P. falciparum with reduced sensitivity to the lumefantrine component of AL exist in Northern Nigeria and predominate in the North-West region.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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