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Background Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a growing burden of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), due to epidemiological transitions. Among their risk factors, hypertension is a major determinant of CVDs, but the prevalence and level of awareness and management of this condition are poorly studied in African populations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify its associated risk factors as well as the awareness and management of this condition in a community-dwelling cohort in Benin. Methods A cross-sectional door-to-door study was conducted in the population over the age of 25 years in Tanve, a rural setting in Benin. The questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of the World Health Organization STEPWISE survey were used. Blood pressure was measured using standard procedures. Results The sample included 1777 subjects (60.9% females, mean age was 42.5±16.5 years). The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9%, similar in men (32.8%) and women (33.0%, p=0.9342). Age and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Less than half (42%) of hypertensive people were aware about their condition and only 46.3% of them were treated. Awareness ratios differed between men and women (respectively 32.9% vs. 47.5%; p= 0.0039) and was not influenced by age, education, occupation, marital status or income. Female sex was the only factor associated with better controlled HTN, independent of socio-economic parameters. Conclusion This large population-based study confirms the high prevalence, low awareness, and low control of hypertension in men and women in sub-Saharan Africa. Only half of the populations with hypertension are aware of their hypertension, indicating a high burden of undiagnosed and un-controlled high blood pressure in these populations.
Keywords
Hypertension, general population, Benin
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 24 Nov, 2019
Editorial decision: Accept
On 22 Nov, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 13 Nov, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 09 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Nov, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 31 Oct, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 09 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 08 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 08 Oct, 2019
Version 1
Posted 07 Sep, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 28 Sep, 2019
Review #3 received
Received 27 Sep, 2019
Review #4 received
Received 21 Sep, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 19 Sep, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 19 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 11 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 09 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Sep, 2019
Editor assigned
On 04 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 03 Sep, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 03 Sep, 2019
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Subject Areas
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 24 Nov, 2019
Editorial decision: Accept
On 22 Nov, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 13 Nov, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 09 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Nov, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 31 Oct, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 09 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 08 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 08 Oct, 2019
Version 1
Posted 07 Sep, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 28 Sep, 2019
Review #3 received
Received 27 Sep, 2019
Review #4 received
Received 21 Sep, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 19 Sep, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 19 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 11 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 09 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Sep, 2019
Editor assigned
On 04 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 03 Sep, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 03 Sep, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.
Background Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a growing burden of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), due to epidemiological transitions. Among their risk factors, hypertension is a major determinant of CVDs, but the prevalence and level of awareness and management of this condition are poorly studied in African populations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify its associated risk factors as well as the awareness and management of this condition in a community-dwelling cohort in Benin. Methods A cross-sectional door-to-door study was conducted in the population over the age of 25 years in Tanve, a rural setting in Benin. The questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of the World Health Organization STEPWISE survey were used. Blood pressure was measured using standard procedures. Results The sample included 1777 subjects (60.9% females, mean age was 42.5±16.5 years). The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9%, similar in men (32.8%) and women (33.0%, p=0.9342). Age and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Less than half (42%) of hypertensive people were aware about their condition and only 46.3% of them were treated. Awareness ratios differed between men and women (respectively 32.9% vs. 47.5%; p= 0.0039) and was not influenced by age, education, occupation, marital status or income. Female sex was the only factor associated with better controlled HTN, independent of socio-economic parameters. Conclusion This large population-based study confirms the high prevalence, low awareness, and low control of hypertension in men and women in sub-Saharan Africa. Only half of the populations with hypertension are aware of their hypertension, indicating a high burden of undiagnosed and un-controlled high blood pressure in these populations.
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