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Research Article
Daniela Rosado
Universidade do Porto Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-3648
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background Important changes in microbiome composition related to sexual maturation have been already reported in the gut of several vertebrates including mammals, amphibians and fish. Such changes in fish are linked to reproduction and growth during developmental stages, diet transitions and critical life events. We used amplicon (16S rRNA) high-throughput sequencing to characterize the skin and gill bacterial microbiomes of farmed seabass and seabream belonging to three different developmental age groups: early and late juveniles and mature adults. We also assessed the impact of the surrounding estuarine water microbiome in shaping the fish skin and gill microbiomes.
Results Microbiome diversity, composition and potential metabolic functions varied across fish maturity stages. Alpha-diversity in the seabass microbiome varied significantly between age groups and was higher in older fish. Conversely, in the seabream, no significant differences were found in alpha diversity between age groups, although it was higher in the skin of juveniles. Microbiome structure varied significantly across age groups. Different bacterial metabolic pathways were predicted to be enriched in the microbiomes of both species. Finally, we found that the water microbiome is significantly distinct from all the fish microbiomes across the studied age groups, although a high percentage of ASVs is shared with the skin and gill microbiomes.
Conclusions We report important microbial differences in composition and potential functionality across the different ages of farmed seabass and seabream. These differences may be related to somatic growth and the onset of sexual maturation. Importantly, some of the inferred metabolic pathways could enhance the host coping mechanisms during stressful conditions. Our results provide new evidence suggesting that growth and sexual maturation have an important role in shaping the external mucosa microbiomes of fish and highlight the importance of considering different life stages in microbiome studies.
Keywords
Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurara, bacteria, sexual maturation, microbiome
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Animal Microbiome.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 28 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 20 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Nov, 2020
Version 1
Posted 28 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 23 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 23 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jul, 2020
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See the published version of this preprint at Animal Microbiome.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Daniela Rosado
Universidade do Porto Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-3648
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Animal Microbiome.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 28 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 20 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Nov, 2020
Version 1
Posted 28 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 23 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 23 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Animal Microbiome.
Background Important changes in microbiome composition related to sexual maturation have been already reported in the gut of several vertebrates including mammals, amphibians and fish. Such changes in fish are linked to reproduction and growth during developmental stages, diet transitions and critical life events. We used amplicon (16S rRNA) high-throughput sequencing to characterize the skin and gill bacterial microbiomes of farmed seabass and seabream belonging to three different developmental age groups: early and late juveniles and mature adults. We also assessed the impact of the surrounding estuarine water microbiome in shaping the fish skin and gill microbiomes.
Results Microbiome diversity, composition and potential metabolic functions varied across fish maturity stages. Alpha-diversity in the seabass microbiome varied significantly between age groups and was higher in older fish. Conversely, in the seabream, no significant differences were found in alpha diversity between age groups, although it was higher in the skin of juveniles. Microbiome structure varied significantly across age groups. Different bacterial metabolic pathways were predicted to be enriched in the microbiomes of both species. Finally, we found that the water microbiome is significantly distinct from all the fish microbiomes across the studied age groups, although a high percentage of ASVs is shared with the skin and gill microbiomes.
Conclusions We report important microbial differences in composition and potential functionality across the different ages of farmed seabass and seabream. These differences may be related to somatic growth and the onset of sexual maturation. Importantly, some of the inferred metabolic pathways could enhance the host coping mechanisms during stressful conditions. Our results provide new evidence suggesting that growth and sexual maturation have an important role in shaping the external mucosa microbiomes of fish and highlight the importance of considering different life stages in microbiome studies.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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