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Research article
Leni Kang
Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital
Corresponding Author
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Background
Breastfeeding is vital to children’s lifelong health and reduces costs for families and societies. Basic data on breastfeeding practices in China are crucial for understanding how to advance health-related goals.
Methods
This was an observational study. We used data from the Under-5 Child Nutrition and Health Surveillance System in China for the period 2013–2018. The prevalence of EIBF and EBF were calculated for each year for urban and rural areas and for East, Central and West China. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to explore the time trends. The annual percent of change (APC) were calculated by log-linear regression followed by exp transformation.
Results
The prevalence of EIBF and EBF increased significantly from 44.57% (95% CI: 44.07, 45.07) and 16.14% (95% CI: 15.10, 17.18) in 2013 to 55.84% (95% CI: 55.29, 56.38) and 34.90% (95% CI: 33.54, 36.26) in 2018 (Ptrend<0.001). The respective APCs were 4.67% (95% CI: 3.51, 5.85) and 14.90% (95% CI: 9.97, 20.04). Increases were observed in both urban and rural areas, with urban areas showing greater APCs for EIBF (6.05%; 95% CI: 4.22, 7.92 v.s. 2.26%; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.12) and EBF (18.21%; 95% CI: 11.53, 25.29 v.s. 9.43%; 95% CI: 5.52, 13.49). Disparities existed among different geographic regions in China.
Conclusion
Breastfeeding practices in China are improving in recent years, though with disparities between urban and rural areas and among East, Central and West China. More efforts should be made to protect and promote breastfeeding to achieve near- and long-term goals in child health.
Keywords
early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, trend, geographic disparities, dynamic surveillance
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 07 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 20 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 13 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 01 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Sep, 2020
Version 1
Posted 04 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 10 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 10 Sep, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 10 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 25 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 25 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jul, 2020
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Public Health.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Leni Kang
Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 07 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 20 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 13 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 01 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Sep, 2020
Version 1
Posted 04 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 10 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 10 Sep, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 10 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 25 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 25 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Background
Breastfeeding is vital to children’s lifelong health and reduces costs for families and societies. Basic data on breastfeeding practices in China are crucial for understanding how to advance health-related goals.
Methods
This was an observational study. We used data from the Under-5 Child Nutrition and Health Surveillance System in China for the period 2013–2018. The prevalence of EIBF and EBF were calculated for each year for urban and rural areas and for East, Central and West China. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to explore the time trends. The annual percent of change (APC) were calculated by log-linear regression followed by exp transformation.
Results
The prevalence of EIBF and EBF increased significantly from 44.57% (95% CI: 44.07, 45.07) and 16.14% (95% CI: 15.10, 17.18) in 2013 to 55.84% (95% CI: 55.29, 56.38) and 34.90% (95% CI: 33.54, 36.26) in 2018 (Ptrend<0.001). The respective APCs were 4.67% (95% CI: 3.51, 5.85) and 14.90% (95% CI: 9.97, 20.04). Increases were observed in both urban and rural areas, with urban areas showing greater APCs for EIBF (6.05%; 95% CI: 4.22, 7.92 v.s. 2.26%; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.12) and EBF (18.21%; 95% CI: 11.53, 25.29 v.s. 9.43%; 95% CI: 5.52, 13.49). Disparities existed among different geographic regions in China.
Conclusion
Breastfeeding practices in China are improving in recent years, though with disparities between urban and rural areas and among East, Central and West China. More efforts should be made to protect and promote breastfeeding to achieve near- and long-term goals in child health.
Figure 1
Figure 2
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