Background Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles. The pathophysiology involves autoantibodies targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction or muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). Recent advancements in immunotherapies have shown promise in managing MG symptoms, offering new treatment avenues and hope for patients who are refractory to conventional treatments.
Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of recent immunotherapies in the treatment of MG from 2019 to 2024. The review synthesizes evidence from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and limitations of these therapies, aiming to inform clinical practice and future research directions.
Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in several major databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, using keywords related to Myasthenia Gravis and immunotherapy, spanning the publication years from 2019 to 2024. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on human subjects and clearly defined outcome measures. Data were extracted and analyzed using rigorous statistical methods, including meta-analyses where applicable, to provide pooled estimates of treatment effects.
Results The review includes 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies cover a range of immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, complement inhibitors, and T-cell modulators. The findings suggest significant improvements in muscle strength and reduction in symptom severity with the use of specific immunotherapies. Detailed statistical analyses and subgroup assessments are presented to delineate the efficacy across different patient populations.
Conclusion Recent immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy in managing MG, with notable improvements in clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients. However, the high cost and potential adverse effects necessitate further research to optimize treatment protocols and enhance accessibility.