Hydrochemical Interaction of Major ions in Groundwater: A Case Study

Water is most important resource to sustain to progress life on the earth. Most of communities obtain their water recover from groundwater. Aquifer that can capable of holding fresh water. Nearly 80% of water resource used for human purposes. So water drain into the watershed of the study. The chemical composition of river eater is mainly depending upon many interrelated factor including geology, soil, topography and biological process. The continuous runoff of water may causes land use changes, therefore, hydro geochemistry of groundwater is sum of the total character. Water resource quality character is one of pollution problem comes when the concentration of the ions exceeds the acceptable limit. In this study area now a day the problem of environmental pollution increase day-to-day and anthropogenic inuence paly concern role in groundwater. The aim of the present study explore the appraisal of physico-chemical characterization of groundwater water samples and their major ion interaction in hard rock of this study area. In this area that is quality character of water resource especially for drinking and domestic purposes it is depend on the constituent of water. Once, the concentration exceeds the permissible limit it causes health effect. Gibbs and missing plot were used to identify the source of major ions. The contribution of water pollution scenario can be conrmed by eld studies by focusing on land use change, agriculture and settlement activities. The relationship between consider variable of ions were determined through correlation analysis. A better understanding of hard rock aquifer for water quality changes as development progress by geochemical studies of groundwater deliver is necessary.


Introduction
Groundwater is ultimate, most suitable fresh water, resource with around well-adjusted concentration of the salt for human depletion (Tewari et al.,2010).
Temporal Changes in water quality exceptional are because an interaction of rock-water and oxydo-discount reactions at some stage in the separation of water thru the aquifers. By these processes toxic, nontoxic pollution and waterborne pathogens are the main water ne constraints which might be transported from recharge region to discharge place via aquifers through groundwater movement (Simge Varol et al.,2013). This study the composition of groundwater provides an insight of understating relationship between chemical weathering, evaporation atmospheric deposition. The polluted water has considerable negative impact on human also. The various factors have in uenced on sub basin. Drainage pattern of an area depends on the course of stream and their tributaries. Drainage pattern is to locate characterization of vulnerable area and soil conservation measures. In this area, most in uence factor is precipitation distributed by seasonal. The present research work is aim to evaluate physical chemical characterization of study area for identifying the source factor. Finally develop the contribution of chemical weathering and anthropogenic in uence activities. The hydro chemical study reveals the suitability of water that is drinking, agriculture and had domestic purposes. Further, the possible changes water rock interaction. The chemical analysis in graphical form indicated to understand complex system. Gibbs proposed a simple model constructed with TDS and ions for represent the process interaction of rock water. A number of researchers have attempted to identify the interaction of controlling water chemistry and there is assessment the continuation of surface water into groundwater. Fluoride are that threaten water rst-class that Fluoride publicity can produce an extensive kind of acute and continual consequences in human beings, such as dental uorosis and bone ailment (Satheeshkumar et al., 2017). Fluoride absorbed with the aid of the human frame disturbs many methods and sometime is harmful. The hazard quotient (HQ) is widely used to symbolize health effects of poisonous metals and uoride by using comparison in their revelation outcomes to a reference dose (

Study area
In this area, the source of water recharge from vaniyar river basin it receive maximum rainfall from yercaud region (Fig 1). It is maximum elevation of study area. It is cover shevroys hills. The lithology of the area is mainly consists of Granitic to biotite gneissic rock. The most of the red soil covered followed by block soil. Some place dyke and lineament present in the study area. They are most useful for groundwater targeting for water development and management. The Vaniyar river basin is one hard rock aquifer and it is cover mainly in south India of owing non-perennial stream. This area is subtropical climate region. Methods GW samples were collected from different region into his study area. 2005 to 2014 data collected from PWD. The water quality parameter have analyzed into cations and anion. Generally, the groundwater samples show the speci c charge balance between less than 10% by NICB test. The samples were analyzed for anion and cations. For the determination, water quality parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, cations (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium), anions (Bicarbonate , Nitrate , Sulphate, Chloride), total hardness in groundwater samples were subjected to Multivariate analysis. The evaluation of major cations are for most important ions, analytical precision turned into checked by the NICB, normalized inorganic charge stability (Kumar et al.,2010(Kumar et al., , 2016a(Kumar et al., , 2016b(Kumar et al., , 2016c.

GW Quality for drinking Usage
One of the these techniques box plot which is used for to visually summarize and compare groups for drinking suitability at kompur and pappiredipatti in Figs 4 and 5. Both have good to moderate water quality in this region based on BIS standard.
Major ion variation in different water types are shown in g 6. Scatter diagram shown in Fig.7 relation between Na vs Cl. Geology of the study area is primary factor for controlling the quality of natural water system. In the natural condition in the chemical composition, rainfall ranges between the temperatures of this region show in the process of evaporation.
Ludwig langelier plot is an appropriate grouping of cations and anions have been plotted as percentages. Generally, this type of Ludwig langelier is used to plot percentage of Na+K against percentage of HCO3+%SO4. In this plot, Ca+Mg and Cl their percentage are also xed: Fig

Evaporation
Groundwater samples are indicates the relation between Na (meq/l) versus Cl (meq/l) in Fig.10 and Na/Cl (meq/l) versus EC in Fig.11. Both are shown evaporation is not major part of process. This process is slightly inclined relationship. The slightly elevated Na is indicating silicate weathering than evaporation. In this area Na is higher because of granite gneiss monitored by evaporation process.

Cation-exchange response
This process which control occurrence and distribution of ions using this reaction it can be identi ed which is contamination sources. Excess Cl over Na this demarcates ion exchange process (Fig.12).

Silicate weathering process
Evidence of silicate weathering can be elucidated by Relation between Ca+Mg versus HCO 3 in Fig 13. This situation required CO3 alkalinity to be balanced by alkalis. Relation between Ca+Mg versus Total cationin Fig.14 and Relation between Na+K versus Total cationin Fig.15. The most of data points 1:1 equiline. The total cation are indicating silicate weathering when contribution higher in this case. Na probable source is silicate dissolution because it derived from silicate weathering. In this study the major source of cation and HCO3 occurred by silicate process of weathering and also Ca and Mg by common minerals in granitic gneissic rock. Fig.16. The boxes represent in Fig.17

Conclusion
An examination are presented the geochemical analysis of the subsurface water using statistical technique and estimated the ability rate of the ground water sources in the southern India. The ground water qualities of the vaniyar river basin sample were analyzed. That all the groundwater samples belong to rock dominance to evaporation category and the results were con rmed with the gibbs diagram show upper basin control by rock dominance and lower basin controlled by few samples show evaporation due to weathering. The results found that the arrangement of the plenty of the major anions and cations is in the order Cl -> HCO 3 >Mg -> Na > Mg 2+ > Ca 2+ >SO 4+ . The ndings of this study will be of Vital to the water management government to recognize the hydrochemistry of the groundwater components inside the location for viable control.   Table.6.2 Groundwater quality data (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) in the study area (average) in meq/l Villages Season Na(meq/l) K(meq/l) Ca(meq/l) Mg(meq/l) Cl(meq/l) SO4(meq/l) CO3(meq/l) HCO3(meq/l)  Relation between Na/Cl (meq/l) and EC Figure 10 Cation exchange reaction between Ca and Na

Figure 11
Relation between Ca+Mg versus HCO3 Figure 12 Relation between Ca+Mg versus Total cation Figure 13 Relation between Na+K versus Total cation