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Short report
Masako Suzuki
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0605-9225
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that plays critical roles in many biological functions of the body. Limited access to vitamin A-rich food or supplements severely affects tissue and blood levels of vitamin A. Therefore, low serum vitamin A and poverty levels are strongly associated in vitamin A deficiency (VAD) studies that have focused mainly on developing countries. The current national prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency in the United States is reported to be very low (<1%). However, several studies, including ours, have suggested that people from certain ethnic groups still face a higher proportion of vitamin A deficiency. We hypothesize that the genetic variations between ethnic groups may associate to the VAD proportional differences between women of different ancestries. To assess the associations, we re-analyzed two independent datasets of serum retinol levels of pregnant women in the United States and three datasets of genotypic information of different ancestries. We found that pregnant women with non-Hispanic Black and with Latin American/Afro-Caribbean ancestry have strikingly high proportions of VAD compared to non-Hispanic White and Latin American/Mexican ancestry. Genotypic analyses showed that the minor allele frequencis of genetic variants that associate to serum retinol levels have significantly higher variations between these different ancestries. Our study revealed that VAD rates in the pregnant women differ between different ancestries and that ancestry-dependent genetic variations might contribute to the differences.
Keywords
Vitamin A deficiency, pregnant women, Hispanics, NHANES
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Table1.xlsx
- Additionalfile1.pdf
Additional file 1 File format: .pdf Title of data: Supplementary notes Description of data: Supplementary notes provide following information. The Bronx dataset Supplementary Note Table 1: Demographic information of the participants Supplementary Note Figure 1: Comparison of serum retinol and beta-carotene levels between African American (AA) and Hispanic (His) in each time point NHANES datasets Supplementary Note Table 2: Demographic information of the participants in the NHANES datasets Supplementary Note Table 3: Availabilities of poverty income ratio (PIR) in each ethnic group Supplementary Note Table 4: Summary of weighted values in each ethnicity Supplementary Note Table 5: Proportion of vitamin A deficient individuals in the dataset (age 17-80) Supplementary Note Table 6: Proportion of vitamin A deficient pregnant women Genetic variations of serum retinol related SNPs and ethnicity Supplementary Note Figure 2: Permutation analysis of the deviation of MAF between different ethnic groups
- Additionalfile2.xlsx
Additional file 2 File format: .xls Title of data: Supplementary Table 1 Description of data: Refference allele frequency of vitamin A related SNPs
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Short report
Masako Suzuki
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0605-9225
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
The most recent version of this article is available here.
No community comments so far
Version 2
Posted 18 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
No comments provided
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Nutrition & Dietetics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
The most recent version of this article is available here.
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that plays critical roles in many biological functions of the body. Limited access to vitamin A-rich food or supplements severely affects tissue and blood levels of vitamin A. Therefore, low serum vitamin A and poverty levels are strongly associated in vitamin A deficiency (VAD) studies that have focused mainly on developing countries. The current national prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency in the United States is reported to be very low (<1%). However, several studies, including ours, have suggested that people from certain ethnic groups still face a higher proportion of vitamin A deficiency. We hypothesize that the genetic variations between ethnic groups may associate to the VAD proportional differences between women of different ancestries. To assess the associations, we re-analyzed two independent datasets of serum retinol levels of pregnant women in the United States and three datasets of genotypic information of different ancestries. We found that pregnant women with non-Hispanic Black and with Latin American/Afro-Caribbean ancestry have strikingly high proportions of VAD compared to non-Hispanic White and Latin American/Mexican ancestry. Genotypic analyses showed that the minor allele frequencis of genetic variants that associate to serum retinol levels have significantly higher variations between these different ancestries. Our study revealed that VAD rates in the pregnant women differ between different ancestries and that ancestry-dependent genetic variations might contribute to the differences.
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Table1.xlsx
- Additionalfile1.pdf
Additional file 1 File format: .pdf Title of data: Supplementary notes Description of data: Supplementary notes provide following information. The Bronx dataset Supplementary Note Table 1: Demographic information of the participants Supplementary Note Figure 1: Comparison of serum retinol and beta-carotene levels between African American (AA) and Hispanic (His) in each time point NHANES datasets Supplementary Note Table 2: Demographic information of the participants in the NHANES datasets Supplementary Note Table 3: Availabilities of poverty income ratio (PIR) in each ethnic group Supplementary Note Table 4: Summary of weighted values in each ethnicity Supplementary Note Table 5: Proportion of vitamin A deficient individuals in the dataset (age 17-80) Supplementary Note Table 6: Proportion of vitamin A deficient pregnant women Genetic variations of serum retinol related SNPs and ethnicity Supplementary Note Figure 2: Permutation analysis of the deviation of MAF between different ethnic groups
- Additionalfile2.xlsx
Additional file 2 File format: .xls Title of data: Supplementary Table 1 Description of data: Refference allele frequency of vitamin A related SNPs
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