Evaluating and Visualization of Renewable and Green Energy Research Productivity and Contribution: A Bibliometric Analysis of ISI Web of Science Databases

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Research Article

Evaluating and Visualization of Renewable and Green Energy Research Productivity and Contribution: A Bibliometric Analysis of ISI Web of Science Databases

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4928489/v1

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The field of Renewable Energy has seen exponential growth in academic publications. This paper aims to survey and analyze existing research in renewable energy, identifying influential publications, authors, and organizations to delineate key research areas. Data were gathered from Web of Science (Core Collections) using the search query "Renewable Energy OR Green Energy" for publications between 2011 and 2023. Analysis utilized various software tools such as VOSviewer, ScientoPy, R, and MS Excel. Findings indicate that the majority of publications in Renewable Energy or Green Energy are predominantly in English, with a consistent upward trend in publication rates. Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday emerges as the most prolific author. China emerges as the leading nation in publication output, particularly attributed to North China Electric Power University, a notable institution in the field. Following the United States and India, China has contributed significantly in terms of both article production and citation reception. Elsevier stands out as the primary publishing source, while Renewable Energy is identified as the leading journal in terms of productivity and influence.

Renewable energy

green energy

research productivity

bibliometric analysis

The sustainable development goals were introduced by United Nations in 2015 for the development of global efforts through 2030 (António Guterres, 2019). In this context, the emergence of the environmental issues seem to have become an important strategic issue for the organizations and industries (Dogan et al., 2022). In this advanced and technological environment, the rapid economic growth has led to serious environmental degradation problems and even harmed public health throughout the world (Gralla et al., 2017). Therefore, the issues of environmental governance are closely related to our life and living behavior. In this perspective, to protect people's lives and health and sustainable economic and social development (Jackson and Hodgkinson, 2022). In addition, pollution is a manifestation of "external non-economics" caused by a series of actions taken by a large number of industrial enterprises in pursuit of profit maximization (Du and Li, 2019). Therefore, if we want to build a more sustainable society, we need to transform business and production into sustainable and resilient systems. To encouraging and ensuring stable population growth is one of the most important measures to control climate change and improve public health equity (Espina-Romero et al., 2024).

Companies adopting renewable energy exemplify how businesses can lower environmental costs by reducing fossil fuel consumption and pollution while meeting social values and consumer expectations (Chatzoglou and Chatzoudes, 2016). Our society's pursuit of enhanced development aligns with the emerging concept of sustainable development, which has gained prominence. Recent studies have highlighted the indirect impact of green and advancing renewable energy, fostering innovative technologies, and enhancing market inclusivity (Bortoluzzi et al., 2021). Research indicates that green economic growth and financing correlate positively with the adoption and diversification of green energy technologies across different regions (Tao and Chao, 2023). Today, scientific mapping and visual analysis play crucial roles in examining research trends and evolving patterns across various renewable energy topics (Dominković et al., 2022). These include sources, supply and demand dynamics, low-carbon energy technologies, and wastewater management. Additionally, areas related to sustainability such as trends, future directions, sustainable technology development, and corporate aspects are also analyzed.

However, there is a noticeable gap in studies focusing on renewable energy that specifically promote sustainable development (Dominković et al., 2022). Previous research has predominantly concentrated on either renewable energy or sustainable development individually. Given the comprehensive and intricate nature of sustainable development within renewable energy sectors, there is a clear necessity for scientific analysis utilizing existing scientific maps to comprehend its structure and evolution effectively (Li et al., 2022). As we delve into this study, we explore the origins and potential trajectories of renewable and green energy, envisioning future pathways. This research builds upon existing knowledge, explores emerging trends, and anticipates future perspectives. The study leveraged data from the Web of Science index database covering the period from 2011 to 2023, analyzing 35,109 documents to discern current research trends. It identifies prolific researchers, leading countries, organizations, and publishers in the field, along with popular keywords, highly cited articles, and trending topics. Insights are provided into the current state of research and avenues for future exploration.

Influenced by factors such as technology, policy, and historical context, the transition to renewable energy will have varying impacts on social equity across different countries (Jenkins et al., 2016). Generally, the adoption of renewable energy can promote social equity, although the extent of this outcome depends on the specific policies implemented(Jenkins et al., 2016). Wealthier countries typically experience more significant improvements in social equity, underscoring the importance of aligning renewable energy policies with broader human development goals (Hoffman et al., 2021). In this context, social equity refers to the fair distribution of benefits and costs arising from renewable energy development (La Viña et al., 2018). While renewable energy presents a strategic opportunity to enhance social equity, policymakers must remain vigilant of potential challenges. Identifying the most effective policy instruments for different countries is crucial to ensuring a fair and efficient transition to renewable energy(Chapman et al., 2018).

The global energy paradigm is undergoing a fundamental change, with renewable energy emerging as a cornerstone of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy systems (Burke and Stephens, 2017). This shift is driven by the imperative to mitigate climate change, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and is characterized by the accelerated adoption of technologies such as photovoltaic (solar), wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal (Fraser et al., 2023). These renewable energy sources are transforming the energy mix by offering greener alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based power generation (Fraser et al., 2024).

Research Questions

What are the distribution of publication in the field of renewable and green energy research? (the kind of document, the year of publication, and the languages used)
Which are the moving subjects in the connection of renewable and green energy research?
Based on their citation scores, which publications have the greatest impact?
Which countries, organizations, journals, and authors produce the most work?
What are the most frequent author’s keywords and used keywords in the published documents on renewable and green energy?

Through the use of bibliometric analysis technique of published documents (Groos and Pritchard, 1966), was one of the first to employ statistical and mathematical techniques for the evolution of scientific disciplines. He also coined the term "bibliometrics”. According to Carmo Farinha et al., (2015) bibliometrics is a field of study that focuses on the quantitative analysis of the knowledge structure and the development of research areas based on the analysis of pertinent publications. The best method for comprehending published literature on a subject, pertinent evaluations, extensively contributed scholars, publication sources, organizations, and nations is the bibliographic method. The bibliometric analysis typically evaluates existing literature to summarize and reveal hidden trends in written communication and the development of a discipline based on statistical and mathematical methods (Groos and Pritchard, 1966; Kang et al., 2024; Mentel et al., 2023).

The most extensive collection of techniques for bibliometric analysis can be found in the software package Bibliometrix R and its user-friendly web-based platform from Biblioshiny (Ali et al., 2024; Nica et al., 2024). The bibliographic data of published documents obtained from the world ranking indexing database of Web of Science (Core Collections) using the search term by title “Renewable Energy OR Green Energy” from 1966 to June 30, 2024 (Publication Date). The Web of Science yielded a total of 35,109 results dated July 09, 2024. The data were thoroughly analyzed and the outcomes were fluently interpreted using four distinct software VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, ScientoPy, and MS Excel (Fig. 1).

Data extraction and filtration process

Main Information about Data

The Web of Science (WoS), a renowned database of scientific publications, has been utilized in a vast amount of literature Additionally, WoS was selected as the study's data source. The distribution of publications is shown in Table 1, which shows that the documents were published with the affiliation of 16968 organizations and 179 different countries. The examination included 35109 publications from 7418 unique sources (Journals, Books, and so on) with annual growth rate is 13.06 percent, document average age is 7.11, and average citation per document is 24.18. There were 68,629 authors who contributed to the documents, and 5163 was the most single-authored publications. The international co-authorship of 26.65 percent in 35109 published documents.

Table 01

Main Information about Data
Description	Results	Description	Results
Sources (Journals, Books, etc.)	7418	Keywords Plus (ID)	18011
Organizations	16968	Author's Keywords (DE)	52842
Countries	179	Authors	68629
Documents	35109	Authors of single-authored docs	3996
Annual Growth Rate %	13.06	Single-authored docs	5163
Document Average Age	7.11	Co-Authors per Doc	3.49
Average citations per doc	24.18	International co-authorships %	26.65

Distribution of Document Types and Languages

The 35,109 documents published between 1966 and 2024 are broken down by document type and language in Table 2. There were five distinct categories of publications for these documents. With a total of 24192 publications are research articles accounted for 68.91% of all publications, followed by proceeding papers with 8530 (24.29%) and review articles with 2364 (6.73%), data paper 17 (0.05 percent), and book Chap. 06 (0.02 percent) had the most publications. As a result, the research article was the preferred type of document for the authors. The 35,109 documents were published in sixteen different languages, but the majority of them were 34310 documents in English. The 228 documents were published in German language, 173 documents in Spanish, 65 documents in French, and 60 documents in Polish. Similarly, remaining documents were published in Russian, Turkish, and other mentioned languages in Table 02.

Table 02

Distribution of Document Types and Languages
Distribution of Document Types
Document Type		No of Document		Percentage
Article		24192		68.91
Proceedings Paper		8530		24.29
Review		2364		6.73
Data Paper		17		0.05
Book Chapter		06		0.02
Total		35109		100
Distribution of Document Languages
Document Languages	No of Document	Document Languages	No of Document	Document Languages	No of Document
English	34310	Czech	31	Slovenian	4
German	228	Italian	25	Ukrainian	4
Spanish	173	Portuguese	24	Lithuanian	3
French	65	Slovak	17	Arabic	1
Polish	60	Chinese	14	Catalan	1
Russian	54	Japanese	11	Indonesian	1
Turkish	39	Hungarian	7	Swedish	1
Croatian	31	Korean	4	Tadzhik	1

Data Analysis

Distribution of Document by Years

The annual distribution of publications is depicted in Fig. 2, and it is evident that the year variation of publications is relatively low from 1966 to 2010 (n = 4479; 12.76 percent). However, between 2011 and 2024, there is a significant difference (n = 30630; 87.24 percent) that indicates a gradual increase.

Top Productive Publisher

The publisher Elsevier positioned first in the positioning of the best ten most productive distributing Publishers, with a sum of 11785 publications. IEEE publisher which had 5889 publications, MDPI which had 2840 publications, Springer Nature which had 2254 publications, Taylor & Francis which had 1194 publications, and Wiley which had 1152 publications, were the other ranking publishers. As shown in Fig. 3, the Sage 335 publications ranked lowest on the list of publishing sources.

Productive Author

Table 3 shows a rundown of the main ten most productive authors in light of 3,109 publications examined. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo from Cyprus International University, Cyprus was the author who published the most 75 documents between 1966 and 2024. Joao P. S. Catalao from University of Porto, Portugal with 64 publications, had the second most publications. Ilhan Ozturk is from Taiwan, and Christian Breyer, a researcher from the Finland, conducted 60 studies. Salah Kamel, received a score of 56 for his Egypt, Ibrahim Dincer received a score of 55, and Boqiang Lin received a score of 53, making him the seven most prolific author. Muntasir Murshed had 45 publications, Qiang Wang had 43 publication, and Ugur Korkut Pata, had 40 publications him last on the most productive list of top ten authors.

Table 03

Top Productive Author
Sr. #	Author Name	Organization with Country	Subject Area	Researcher ID (WOS)	Publication
1	Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday	Cyprus International University, Cyprus	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	HCH-3612-2022	75
2	Catalao, Joao P. S.	University of Porto, Portugal	Engineering, Energy & Fuels	I-3927-2012	64
3	Ozturk, Ilhan	China Medical University, Taiwan	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	B-9431-2009	60
4	Breyer, Christian	Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland	Energy & Fuels, Science & Technology	W-2106-2018	60
5	Kamel, Salah	Aswan University, Egypt	Engineering, Energy & Fuels	C-8567-2019	56
6	Dincer, Ibrahim	University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada	Energy & Fuels	ITU-6448-2023	55
7	Lin, Boqiang	Xiamen University, China	Energy & Fuels	G-3960-2010	53
8	Murshed, Muntasir	North South University, Bangladesh	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	J-9025-2018	45
9	Wang, Qiang	China University of Petroleum, China	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	F-4618-2011	43
10	Pata, Ugur Korkut	Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	L-1993-2019	40

Co-Occurrences of Author Keywords

The top occurred author keywords used in 35,109 published documents on the subject under consideration during this time period. The most often involved writer watchwords in the cooperative organization in light of distributed articles. There were five Total Link Strength (TLS) related clusters in the WOSwiever derived dataset. The data set indicates that the keyword "renewable energy" is the most frequently used keyword, with 8341time occurrences with 9375 TLS, while the keyword "renewable energy source" is the second most frequently used keyword, with 1840 times occurrences with 2812 TLS. The third one, "energy efficiency" which has been used 796 times occurrences with 960 TLS, is also one of the top 20 keywords. The keywords energy storage, solar energy, optimization, wind energy, sustainable development, sustainability, economic growth, renewable energy consumption, energy, energy transition, biomass, microgrid, climate change, green energy, and energy policy are just a few of the author keywords that are included with minimum occurrences of 70 times, Items 188, Cluster 5, Links 6816 and Total Links Strength 34182 in the Fig. 4. Clusters and circle nodes containing keyword occurrences are highlighted in multiple colors. The colored lines between the nodes or keywords are also presented TLS. The VOSviewer software was used to generate this figure, and the presented keywords are utilized in published renewable energy documents.

Co-Occurrences of used Keywords

An overview of the frequency and mapping of keywords utilized in various studies was presented in Fig. 5. "Renewable energy" which was used 8680 times and was associated with 26127 Total Link Strength (TLS), was the keyword that was used the most occurrences. "Optimization" which was used 2528 times and was associated with 9480 TLS, was the keyword that was used the second most frequently. “Consumption" the third keyword, was used 2008 times and was linked to 10939 TLS. "Co2 emissions" the fourth keyword, was used 1906 times and was associated with 11799 TLS. "Renewable energy sources" on the other hand, was used 1840 times and was associated with 4693 TLS. These used keywords are minimum occurrences of Keywords 200, Items 141, Cluster 3, Links 8112 and Total Links Strength 178569. Clusters and circle nodes containing keyword occurrences are highlighted in multiple colors. The colored lines between the nodes or keywords are also presented TLS. The VOSviewer software was used to generate this figure, and the presented keywords are utilized in published renewable energy documents.

Productive Countries

The Table 04 presented top ten most productive countries are listed. The China coming out on top score of 7141 documents including 177845 citations with 4830 TLS. The second position of productive country is United States of America produce 4151 documents including 134881 citations with 2802 TLS. The prolific country is India came in third rank 2939 documents including 60131 citations with 1838 TLS.

Table 04

Most Productive Countries
Country	Documents	Citations	Total Link Strength	Country	Documents	Citations	Total Link Strength
Peoples R China	7141	177845	4830	Saudi Arabia	1116	30496	2115
USA	4151	134881	2802	Pakistan	1099	39108	1993
India	2939	60131	1838	Turkey	1040	61736	870
England	1742	55016	2212	Japan	970	18370	713
Germany	1628	50789	1246	South Korea	966	25089	745
Australia	1364	43833	1410	Malaysia	960	37635	1380
Italy	1350	32286	1099	France	818	30118	954
Iran	1294	35925	1082	Poland	811	11997	710
Spain	1268	38710	1120	Egypt	656	15447	917
Canada	1124	36873	1065	Taiwan	631	17020	665

The other collaborative countries like England, Germany, Australia, Italy, Iran, Spain, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Turkey, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, France, Poland, Egypt, and Taiwan are just a few of the countries that included with in the Fig. 6. Clusters and circle nodes containing keyword occurrences are highlighted in multiple colors. The colored lines between the nodes or keywords are also presented TLS. The VOSviewer software was used to generate this figure, and the presented keywords are utilized in published renewable energy documents.

Productive Organizations

To determine which organizations around the world, produce publications a data analysis was carried out with 378 publications and a 50 h-index, North China Elect Power University in China was named the highest-ranking organization in the top ten. The Islamic Azad University in Iran came in second place with 335 documents and a 53 h-index. The third position in the list of countries is Tsinghua University in China with 314 publications including 58 h-index, the Aalborg University in Denmark with 60 h-index and 270 publications came in fourth place on the list. The Chinese Academy of Sciences in China came in fifth position with 215 documents and a 56 h-index; Xi An Jiao Tong University in China came in sixth place with 206 publications and a 38-h-index; King Saud University Saudi Arabia came in seventh rank with 201 published documents and a 23 h-index; Beijing Institute Technology in China came in eight place with 188 publications and a 62-h-index; Indian Institute of Technology in India and Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China were listed the last institution in Fig. 7.

Evaluation of Subject Area

Figure 8 shows, using log frequency trends, the subject areas in which the majority of publications were produced at the energy & fuels. Energy & fuels produced the most documents (13948) with an h-index of 257, followed by Engineering subject is the second position including (11405) publications with an h-index of 180. The subject Science & Technology came in third position with (6996) publications and an h-index of 218, similarly, Engineering Science & Ecology with publications of (6258) documents with 183 h-index. The Business & Economics secure the next position by (2831) documents with 156 h-index. Computer Science was produced (2602) publication with 77 h-index, Thermodynamics, Chemistry, and Telecommunications came in the seven, eight, and ninth place on the top ten trending subject list. Material Science came in last position in the top productive subject on renewable energy with 1172 publications and 88 h-index.

Productive Journals

The top ten journals with the highest performance for publications at the connection of the Renewable Energy are shown in Table 5. The “Renewable Energy” was the journal with the highest performance with 1408 publications, 65063 citations, and a 121 h-index. The journal of “Energies” was the second-best performance, with 1351 total publications, 16562 citations, and a 51 h-Index.

The “Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews” was the journal with the third position of the highest performance with 1178 publications, 110718 citations, and a 163 h-index. The “Energy Policy” was the fourth productive journal, with 886 total publications, 57290 citations, and a 119 h-Index. Sustainability came in fifth place of journal with 832 publications, 11069 citations, and a 44 h-index. Energy, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Applied Energy, Journal of Cleaner Production, and Energy Reports journal came in last with the list of the top 10 most productive journals.

Table 05

Top Productive Journals
Journal	Publication	Citation	h-index	g-index	m-index	PY-start
Renewable Energy	1408	65063	121	186	3.903	1994
Energies	1351	16562	51	72	3.188	2009
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews	1178	110718	163	267	6.269	1999
Energy Policy	886	57290	119	194	2.644	1980
Sustainability	832	11069	44	70	3.385	2012
Energy	809	38165	97	148	2.205	1981
Environmental Science and Pollution Research	676	18777	74	107	3.217	2002
Applied Energy	568	30959	91	145	2.116	1982
Journal of Cleaner Production	518	24420	79	131	3.95	2005
Energy Reports	352	5336	34	59	3.4	2015

Three Field Plot of Author, Countries and Keywords

Biblioshiny was used to conduct a three-factor analysis to identify author keywords, authors and authors associated with affiliated countries. A three-field plot was used to provide a summary of the relationships that existed between the top 10 countries, the top 10 affiliated keywords, and the top 10 authors. The top keywords with renewable energy, renewable energy source, energy efficiency, and wind energy which authors collaborated on research were highlighted in the analysis. The top 10 countries and their top authors (Zhang, Y.; Li, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Q.; Wang, I.; Kumar, A.; Adebayo, TS.; Kim, J.) had strong relationships with the top countries (China, Australia, USA, Germany, Iran, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Italy, India) and preferred to publish rather than collaborate showed in Fig. 9.

Most cited article

The bibliometric analysis of 35109 publications published between 1966 and 2024 were compiled in this study, and a list of the top five most cited articles was gathered. The most cited article was "Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage" by Larcher, D; Tarascon, JM with a sum of 6034 citations. The second most elevated cited article was "Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid" by Yang, ZG; et. al., which had a sum of 4528 citations. The article by Carrasco, JM; et. al. titled "Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey" which received the third most citations, had a total of 3091 citations. The fourth article in the table, "Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review" received 2509 total citations, while the fifth article, "The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation" received 2248 total citations (see Table 6 for more information).

Table 06

Most Cited Articles
Citation	Title / DOI	Authors	Journal	Vol. (Issue)	Year
6034	Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage / 10.1038/NCHEM.2085	Larcher, D; Tarascon, JM	Nature Chemistry	7(1)	2015
4528	Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid / 10.1021/cr100290v	Yang, ZG; et. al.	Chemical Reviews	111(5)	2011
3091	Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey / 10.1109/TIE.2006.878356	Carrasco, JM; et. al.	Ieee Transactions On Industrial Electronics	53(4)	2006
2509	Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review / 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.037	Panwar, NL; Kaushik, SC; Kothari, S	Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews	15(3)	2011
2248	The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation / 10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006	Gielen, D; et. al.	Energy Strategy Reviews	24	2019

Answers to the Research Questions

RQ 1

What are the distribution of publications in the field of renewable and green energy research? (The kind of document, the year of publication, and the languages used)

The analysis of 35,109 documents that were indexed in the Web of Science database and published over a 59-year period (1966 to 2024) provided the answer to the research question. Although ninety seven percent of the publications were in English, the majority (24192 of them) were research articles and were published in sixteen different languages. There were only 4479 publications, or 12.76 percent, between 1966 and 2010. Be that as it may, from 2011 to 2024, there was a continuous expansion in distributions (30630) at 87.24 percent.

RQ 2

Which are the moving subjects in the connection of renewable and green energy research?

With log frequency-based trends, it was discovered that the majority of publications were produced at the Renewable Energy. With an h-index of 257, Energy & Fuels the most documents (13948), followed by engineering, Science & Technology, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Business & Economics, Computer Science, and Thermodynamics.

RQ 3

Based on their citation scores, which publications have the greatest impact?

It is clear in light of the review discoveries the most referred to article was "Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage" by Larcher, D; Tarascon, JM with a sum of 6034 citations. The second most elevated cited article was "Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid" by Yang, ZG; et. al., which had a sum of 4528 citations. The article by Carrasco, JM; et. al. titled "Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey" which received the third most citations, had a total of 3091 citations.

RQ 4

Which countries, organizations, journals, and authors produce the most work?

The works of 68,629 authors were examined to identify the most prolific author, Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo was found to be the most productive with 75 publications. With a total of 16,968 organizations appearing in the data, North China Elect Power University was found to be the most productive organization and China is most productive country out 179 countries that were included in the study. The Elsevier ranked as the most prolific publisher with 11785 publications out of the total 7,418 available sources. The most useful journal was the Renewable Energy with 1408 publications.

RQ 5

What are the most frequent author’s keywords and used keywords in the published documents on renewable and green energy?

Renewable energy was the most frequently used keyword in the data set, with 9,375 times occurrences, and it was also the most frequently used keyword in the co-occurrence of author keywords.

The proliferation of scientific publications necessitates bibliometric analysis, which is why this study was carried out. Renewable energy is rapidly transforming the world. For the bibliometric study's conclusion, data indexed in the Web of Science database over a 59-year period were analyzed. The findings indicate that the number of publications in the field of renewable and green energy is rising, and the majority of them contain English-language articles. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo is the most prolific author with 75 publications. China has published the most articles, followed by the United States and India, and received the most citations. The North China Elect Power University was the most productive organization with 378 publications, the Elsevier ranked as the most prolific publishing source. The most useful journal was the Energy & Fuels with 13948 publications. Through this study bibliometric examination introduced the latest things in the field of renewable and green energy research. As evidenced by the rise in publications over the past few years, the renewable and green energy field is growing and receiving more research attention, but there is still a lot of work to be done.

Limitations and Future Research

The study's variables renewable energy and green energy were included in the data from 2001 to 2020, which highlights a few limitations. This study only looked at publications that were indexed in the Web of Science database; it did not look at any other data sources or indexing services. Additionally, the data collection procedure only allows for the insertion of search terms, which may be skewed and produce inconclusive results. Accordingly, future analysts might pick similar concentrate on Google Researcher and other comparative information sources. In addition, additional research could be carried out employing various study designs and databases to select an additional distinct set of variables to indicate research trends in renewable energy.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Waqas Akram Cheema: Writing – original draft Conceptualization.

Khurshid Ahmad: Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization.

Nusrat Ali: Writing – original draft, Software, Conceptualization.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Funding None

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Ethical Approval Not applicable.

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No competing interests reported.

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Evaluating and Visualization of Renewable and Green Energy Research Productivity and Contribution: A Bibliometric Analysis of ISI Web of Science Databases

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Introduction

Literature Review

Research Questions

Research Methodology

Data extraction and filtration process

Main Information about Data

Distribution of Document Types and Languages

Data Analysis

Distribution of Document by Years

Top Productive Publisher

Productive Author

Co-Occurrences of Author Keywords

Co-Occurrences of used Keywords

Productive Countries

Productive Organizations

Evaluation of Subject Area

Productive Journals

Three Field Plot of Author, Countries and Keywords

Most cited article

Answers to the Research Questions

Conclusion

Limitations and Future Research

Declarations

References

Additional Declarations

Status:

Version 1