This work examines the effect of agricultural productivity on poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Yearly data were used from 1980 to 2021. Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) method was used to analyse the data, and the yearly data were sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (2020). This research work is based on Human Development Index (HDI) as a function of crop production, livestock production, forestry, and fishing. Based on ARDL approach, test was carried out on each dependent variable and the independent variable to check the long and short run regression findings for the coefficient of the lagged values of the dependent and independent variables. Some diagnostic test like the serial correlation test, heteroskedasticity test, and stability test were also carried out on the variables. From the results obtained, crop production, fishery, and forestry have statistical significance on HDI. Only livestock production is not having a statistical significance on HDI, however, with a positive relationship.It was therefore recommended that special attention should be given to the agricultural sector in Nigeria, such as increased budgetary allocation to the sector and to ensure proper implementation of programs that will encourage agricultural activities and its productivity in other to increase returns and reduce poverty level in the country.