This study investigates agricultural sustainability, integrating environmental considerations into farming practices. Amid growing ecological awareness and global sustainability initiatives, agriculture has gained significant prominence. The research analyzes publication trends related to agricultural sustainability, examining aspects like publication types and international dissemination. Objectives include assessing bibliometric indicators, analyzing publication fluctuations from 1984 to July 2024, identifying influential factors, exploring citation trends, mapping distribution, recognizing key authors’ contributions, and uncovering prevalent themes. Employing bibliometric analysis via Crossref tools (using Publish or Perish and VOSviewer), the results reveal a substantial increase in publications on agricultural sustainability, reflecting heightened interest and robust research activity. Frequent citations suggest significant influence within the scientific community. Notably, high h and g indices highlight impactful articles. These findings underscore progress in understanding and enhancing sustainable agricultural practices, informing future directions for scholars and policymakers. The surge in interest over the past two decades likely mirrors the urgency of finding sustainable solutions amid climate change challenges. Researchers, policymakers, and practitioners can leverage this information to maximize impact. Research on agricultural sustainability predominantly appears in journal articles and books, reflecting their significance as primary dissemination channels. Policymakers and researchers can capitalize on this trend to inform their knowledge-sharing efforts. The study’s novelty lies in its comprehensive analysis of the agricultural sustainability landscape, shedding light on its development, global impact, and influential factors. Armed with this valuable information, stakeholders can advance sustainable agriculture practices. Moreover, the findings underscore the ongoing imperative for research to address global environmental challenges through sustainable agricultural approaches. Through analyzing trends, pinpointing critical areas, and promoting international cooperation, strategies can be developed for farming systems that are economically viable, socially equitable, and ecologically sustainable.