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Background: Birth order has been shown to affect the health of the child; less is known, however, about how birth order affects caries development in children. Thus, the present study investigated the association between birth order and dental caries development in young children.
Methods: This retrospective registry-based cohort study included all children born in 2000–2003 who were residing in Stockholm County, Sweden, at age 3 years (n = 83,147). The study followed the cohort until subjects reached 7 years of age. Children with registry data on dental examinations and sociodemographic characteristics at ages 3- and 7 years constituted the final study cohort (n = 65,259). The outcome variable was “caries increment from age 3- to 7 years” (Δdeft > 0) and the key exposure, “birth order”, was divided into five groups. A forward stepwise logistic binary regression was done for the multivariate analysis with adjustments for sociodemographic factors.
Results: At age 3 years, 94% had no fillings or manifest caries lesions. During the study period, 22.5% (n = 14,711) developed dental caries. The final logistic regression analysis found a statistically significant positive association between birth order and caries increment. Further, excess risk increased with higher birth order; with the mother’s first-born child as reference, risk for the second-born child was OR 1.17, 95% CI=1.12–1.23; for the third-born child, OR 1.47, 95% CI=1.38–1.56; for the fourth-born child, OR 1.69, 95% CI=1.52–1.88; and for the fifth-born or higher birth-order child, OR 1.84, 95% CI=1.58–2.14.
Conclusions: These findings show that birth order influences caries development in siblings, suggesting that birth order can be regarded as a predictor for caries development in young children. This factor may be helpful in assessing caries risk in preschool children and should be considered in caries prevention work in young children with older siblings.
Keywords
birth rank, cohort study, dental caries, epidemiology, preschool children, register-based, risk assessment
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Jan, 2020
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On 14 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Jan, 2020
Version 3
Posted 03 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 13 Jan, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 13 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 01 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 25 Nov, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 21 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 16 Nov, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 13 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Nov, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Nov, 2019
Editor assigned
On 30 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 29 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 29 Oct, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 06 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 04 Oct, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 03 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Sep, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 11 Sep, 2019
Editor assigned
On 04 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 03 Sep, 2019
First submitted
On 02 Sep, 2019
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Public Health.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Jan, 2020
Version 3
Posted 03 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 13 Jan, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 13 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 01 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 25 Nov, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 21 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 16 Nov, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 13 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Nov, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Nov, 2019
Editor assigned
On 30 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 29 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 29 Oct, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 06 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 04 Oct, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 03 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Sep, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 11 Sep, 2019
Editor assigned
On 04 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 03 Sep, 2019
First submitted
On 02 Sep, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Background: Birth order has been shown to affect the health of the child; less is known, however, about how birth order affects caries development in children. Thus, the present study investigated the association between birth order and dental caries development in young children.
Methods: This retrospective registry-based cohort study included all children born in 2000–2003 who were residing in Stockholm County, Sweden, at age 3 years (n = 83,147). The study followed the cohort until subjects reached 7 years of age. Children with registry data on dental examinations and sociodemographic characteristics at ages 3- and 7 years constituted the final study cohort (n = 65,259). The outcome variable was “caries increment from age 3- to 7 years” (Δdeft > 0) and the key exposure, “birth order”, was divided into five groups. A forward stepwise logistic binary regression was done for the multivariate analysis with adjustments for sociodemographic factors.
Results: At age 3 years, 94% had no fillings or manifest caries lesions. During the study period, 22.5% (n = 14,711) developed dental caries. The final logistic regression analysis found a statistically significant positive association between birth order and caries increment. Further, excess risk increased with higher birth order; with the mother’s first-born child as reference, risk for the second-born child was OR 1.17, 95% CI=1.12–1.23; for the third-born child, OR 1.47, 95% CI=1.38–1.56; for the fourth-born child, OR 1.69, 95% CI=1.52–1.88; and for the fifth-born or higher birth-order child, OR 1.84, 95% CI=1.58–2.14.
Conclusions: These findings show that birth order influences caries development in siblings, suggesting that birth order can be regarded as a predictor for caries development in young children. This factor may be helpful in assessing caries risk in preschool children and should be considered in caries prevention work in young children with older siblings.
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