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Research article
Longqian Liu
West China Hospital at Sichuan University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2265-4625
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: To analyze whether corneal refractive surgery (CRS) is associated with the distribution of different accommodative dysfunctions (ADs) and binocular dysfunctions (BDs) in civilian pilots. A further aim was to analyze the percentages and visual symptoms associated with ADs and/or BDs in this population.
Methods: One hundred and eight civilian pilots who underwent CRS from January 2001 to July 2012 (age: 30.33±4.60 years) were enrolled, the mean preoperative SE was −1.51±1.15 D (range: −1.00- −5.00 D). Ninety-nine emmetropic civilian pilots (age: 29.64±3.77 years) who were age- and sex-matched to the CRS group were also enrolled. Refractive status, accommodative and binocular tests of each subject were performed. Visually related symptoms were quantified using the 19-item College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life (COVD-QOL) questionnaire. The 19 items were summed to obtain visual symptom scores that might indicate visual dysfunctions. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences in percentages of ADs and/or BDs between the CRS and emmetropic groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare visual symptom scores between pilots with ADs and/or BDs and pilots with normal binocular vision.
Results: No significant difference was observed between the CRS and emmetropic groups in the overall prevalence of ADs and BDs (15.7% and 15.2% in the CRS and emmetropic groups, respectively; P=0.185). ADs were present in 4.63% and 3.03% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively. BDs were observed in 11.1% and 12.1% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively, yielding no significant differences between the groups in the prevalence of ADs or BDs (AD: P=0.094; BD: P=0.105). Pilots with ADs and/or BDs had significantly more visual symptoms than pilots with normal binocular vision (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: CRS for civilian pilots with low-moderate myopia might not impact binocular functions. ADs and/or BDs commonly occur in both emmetropia pilots and pilots who undergo CRS, and pilots with ADs and/or BDs are associated with increased symptoms. This study confirms the importance of a full assessment of binocular visual functions in detecting and remedying these dysfunctions in this specific population.
Keywords
accommodative dysfunctions, binocular dysfunctions, refractive surgery, civilian pilot
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Ophthalmology.
Version 2
Posted 14 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 18 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 22 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 04 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 30 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Ophthalmology
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Ophthalmology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Longqian Liu
West China Hospital at Sichuan University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2265-4625
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Ophthalmology.
Version 2
Posted 14 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 18 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 22 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 04 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 30 Jul, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Ophthalmology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Ophthalmology.
Background: To analyze whether corneal refractive surgery (CRS) is associated with the distribution of different accommodative dysfunctions (ADs) and binocular dysfunctions (BDs) in civilian pilots. A further aim was to analyze the percentages and visual symptoms associated with ADs and/or BDs in this population.
Methods: One hundred and eight civilian pilots who underwent CRS from January 2001 to July 2012 (age: 30.33±4.60 years) were enrolled, the mean preoperative SE was −1.51±1.15 D (range: −1.00- −5.00 D). Ninety-nine emmetropic civilian pilots (age: 29.64±3.77 years) who were age- and sex-matched to the CRS group were also enrolled. Refractive status, accommodative and binocular tests of each subject were performed. Visually related symptoms were quantified using the 19-item College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life (COVD-QOL) questionnaire. The 19 items were summed to obtain visual symptom scores that might indicate visual dysfunctions. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences in percentages of ADs and/or BDs between the CRS and emmetropic groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare visual symptom scores between pilots with ADs and/or BDs and pilots with normal binocular vision.
Results: No significant difference was observed between the CRS and emmetropic groups in the overall prevalence of ADs and BDs (15.7% and 15.2% in the CRS and emmetropic groups, respectively; P=0.185). ADs were present in 4.63% and 3.03% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively. BDs were observed in 11.1% and 12.1% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively, yielding no significant differences between the groups in the prevalence of ADs or BDs (AD: P=0.094; BD: P=0.105). Pilots with ADs and/or BDs had significantly more visual symptoms than pilots with normal binocular vision (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: CRS for civilian pilots with low-moderate myopia might not impact binocular functions. ADs and/or BDs commonly occur in both emmetropia pilots and pilots who undergo CRS, and pilots with ADs and/or BDs are associated with increased symptoms. This study confirms the importance of a full assessment of binocular visual functions in detecting and remedying these dysfunctions in this specific population.
Figure 1
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