1 Faure-Dupuy S, Delphin M, Aillot L, Dimier L, Lebosse F, Fresquet J, Parent R, et al. Hepatitis b virus-induced modulation of liver macrophage function promotes hepatocyte infection. J Hepatol. 2019; doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.032.
2 Yen CJ, Yang ST, Chen RY, Huang W, Chayama K, Lee MH, Yang SJ, et al. Hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) enhances centrosomal p4.1-associated protein (cpap) expression to promote hepatocarcinogenesis. J Biomed Sci. 2019; 26: 44.
3 Chang ML, Liaw YF. Hepatitis b flares in chronic hepatitis b: Pathogenesis, natural course, and management. J Hepatol. 2014; 61: 1407-1417.
4 Knolle PA, Thimme R. Hepatic immune regulation and its involvement in viral hepatitis infection. Gastroenterology. 2014; 146: 1193-1207.
5 Li M, Li F, Li N, Sang J, Fan X, Deng H, Zhang X, et al. Association of polymorphism rs1053005 in stat3 with chronic hepatitis b virus infection in han chinese population. BMC Med Genet. 2018; 19: 52.
6 Liu K, Chen L, Zhao G, Cao Z, Li F, Lin L, Zhu C, et al. Ips-1 polymorphisms in regulating interferon response in hbv infection. Biosci Trends. 2019; 13: 130-135.
7 Stanaway JD, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Fitzmaurice C, Vos T, Abubakar I, Abu-Raddad LJ, et al. The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2013. Lancet. 2016; 388: 1081-1088.
8 Jang Y, Kim JH, Lee H, Lee K, Ahn SH. A quantile regression approach to explain the relationship of fatigue and cortisol, cytokine among koreans with hepatitis b. Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 16434.
9 Yoshio S, Mano Y, Doi H, Shoji H, Shimagaki T, Sakamoto Y, Kawai H, et al. Cytokine and chemokine signatures associated with hepatitis b surface antigen loss in hepatitis b patients. JCI insight. 2018; 3: e122268.
10 Fazel Modares N, Polz R, Haghighi F, Lamertz L, Behnke K, Zhuang Y, Kordes C, et al. Il-6 trans-signaling controls liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Hepatology. 2019; doi: 10.1002/hep.30774.
11 Xia C, Liu Y, Chen Z, Zheng M. Involvement of interleukin 6 in hepatitis b viral infection. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015; 37: 677-686.
12 Bowcock AM, Kidd JR, Lathrop GM, Daneshvar L, May LT, Ray A, Sehgal PB, et al. The human "interferon-beta 2/hepatocyte stimulating factor/interleukin-6" gene: DNA polymorphism studies and localization to chromosome 7p21. Genomics. 1988; 3: 8-16.
13 Kalkman HO. Novel treatment targets based on insights in the etiology of depression: Role of il-6 trans-signaling and stress-induced elevation of glutamate and atp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2019; 12: 113-135.
14 Taheri M, Noroozi R, Rakhshan A, Ghanbari M, Omrani MD, Ghafouri-Fard S. Il-6 genomic variants and risk of prostate cancer. Urology journal. 2018; doi: 10.22037/uj.v0i0.4543.
15 Araki M. Blockade of il-6 signaling in neuromyelitis optica. Neurochem Int. 2018; doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.012.
16 Jing R, Long TY, Pan W, Li F, Xie QY. Il-6 knockout ameliorates myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction by regulating activation of m2 macrophages and fibroblast cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019; 23: 6283-6291.
17 Keshari S, Sipayung AD, Hsieh CC, Su LJ, Chiang YR, Chang HC, Yang WC, et al. The il-6/p-btk/p-erk signaling mediates the calcium phosphate-induced pruritus. FASEB J. 2019; doi: 10.1096/fj.201900016RR.
18 Wei Y, Tian Q, Li L, Zhang D. Association between ifn-gamma genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to hepatitis b virus infection: A meta-analysis. Ann Hum Biol. 2016; 43: 527-536.
19 Al-Anazi MR, Matou-Nasri S, Al-Qahtani AA, Alghamdi J, Abdo AA, Sanai FM, Al-Hamoudi WK, et al. Association between il-37 gene polymorphisms and risk of hbv-related liver disease in a saudi arabian population. Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 7123.
20 Talaat RM, Abdelkhalek MS, El-Maadawy EA, Abdel-Mageed WS, El-Shenawy SZ, Osman MA. Association of tnf-alpha gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to hepatitis b virus infection in egyptians. Hum Immunol. 2017; 78: 739-746.
21 Chang L, Lan T, Wu L, Li C, Yuan Y, Liu Z. The association between three il-6 polymorphisms and hbv-related liver diseases: A meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8: 17036-17045.
22 Motawi TK, Mady AE, Shaheen S, Elshenawy SZ, Talaat RM, Rizk SM. Genetic variation in microrna-100 (mir-100) rs1834306 t/c associated with hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection: Correlation with expression level. Infect Genet Evol. 2019; 73: 444-449.
23 Laaribi AB, Hannachi N, Ben Yahia H, Marzouk M, Mehri A, Belhadj M, Yacoub S, et al. Human leukocyte antigen (hla-f) polymorphism is associated with chronic hbv infection. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8: 49.
24 Matsuura K, Isogawa M, Tanaka Y. Host genetic variants influencing the clinical course of hepatitis b virus infection. J Med Virol. 2016; 88: 371-379.
25 Fu J, He HY, Ojha SC, Shi H, Sun CF, Deng CL, Sheng YJ. Association of il-6, il-10 and tgf-beta1 gene polymorphisms with brucellosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Microb Pathog. 2019; 135: 103640.
26 Smith AJ, D'Aiuto F, Palmen J, Cooper JA, Samuel J, Thompson S, Sanders J, et al. Association of serum interleukin-6 concentration with a functional il6 -6331t>c polymorphism. Clin Chem. 2008; 54: 841-850.
27 Yang L, Sun MJ, Liu JW, Xu Q, Yuan Y. Il-6-6331 (t/c, rs10499563) is associated with decreased risk of gastric cancer in northern chinese. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013; 14: 7467-7472.
28 Zhang JZ, Liu CM, Peng HP, Zhang Y. Association of genetic variations in il-6/il-6r pathway genes with gastric cancer risk in a chinese population. Gene. 2017; 623: 1-4.
29 Shaul O. How introns enhance gene expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2017; 91: 145-155.
30 Hoshida H, Kondo M, Kobayashi T, Yarimizu T, Akada R. 5 -utr introns enhance protein expression in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017; 101: 241-251.
31 Chang WT, Huang MC, Chung HF, Chiu YF, Chen PS, Chen FP, Lee CY, et al. Interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms correlate with the progression of nephropathy in chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016; 120: 15-23.
32 Farhat SB, de Souza CM, Braosi AP, Kim SH, Tramontina VA, Papalexiou V, Olandoski M, et al. Complete physical mapping of il6 reveals a new marker associated with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2017; 52: 255-261.
33 Shi TY, Zhu ML, He J, Wang MY, Li QX, Zhou XY, Sun MH, et al. Polymorphisms of the interleukin 6 gene contribute to cervical cancer susceptibility in eastern chinese women. Hum Genet. 2013; 132: 301-312.
34 Zhao XM, Gao YF, Zhou Q, Pan FM, Li X. Relationship between interleukin-6 polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis b virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19: 6888-6893.
35 MacQuarrie KL, Fong AP, Morse RH, Tapscott SJ. Genome-wide transcription factor binding: Beyond direct target regulation. Trends Genet. 2011; 27: 141-148.
36 Chen M, Li T, Lin S, Bi D, Zhu D, Shang Q, Ma C, et al. Association of interleukin 6 gene polymorphisms with genetic susceptibilities to spastic tetraplegia in males: A case-control study. Cytokine. 2013; 61: 826-830.
37 Motawi T, Shaker OG, Hussein RM, Houssen M. Polymorphisms of alpha1-antitrypsin and interleukin-6 genes and the progression of hepatic cirrhosis in patients with a hepatitis c virus infection. Balkan J Med Genet. 2016; 19: 35-44.
38 Fabricio-Silva GM, Poschetzky BS, de Mello Perez R, Dos Santos RC, Cavalini LT, Porto LC. Association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with hepatitis c virus infection in a population from rio de janeiro, brazil. Hepat Med. 2015; 7: 71-79.
39 Wang J, Chen R, Tang S, Lv X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Xia Y, et al. Analysis of il-6, stat3 and hspa1l gene polymorphisms in anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis in a nested case-control study. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0118862.
40 Park BL, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Jung JH, Kim LH, Shin HD. Association between interleukin 6 promoter variants and chronic hepatitis b progression. Exp Mol Med. 2003; 35: 76-82.
41 Tang S, Yuan Y, He Y, Pan D, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Q, et al. Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-6 influences susceptibility to hbv-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a male chinese han population. Hum Immunol. 2014; 75: 297-301.
42 Lu Y, Peng J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Wang F, Sun Z. Il-6 promoter functional polymorphism -572c/g affects spontaneous clearance of hepatitis b virus infection. Clin Lab. 2014; 60: 1903-1907.
43 El-Maadawy EA, Talaat RM, Ahmed MM, El-Shenawy SZ. Interleukin-6 promotor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis b virus in egyptians. Hum Immunol. 2019; 80: 208-214.
44 Chen J, Liu RY, Yang L, Zhao J, Zhao X, Lu D, Yi N, et al. A two-snp il-6 promoter haplotype is associated with increased lung cancer risk. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2013; 139: 231-242.