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Research
Byung Kil Choo
Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju54896 Republic of Korea.
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-4399
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Excessive and continuous inflammation may be the main cause of various immune system diseases. Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is an inflammation of the esophagus caused by the reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus due to the dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter. Camellia japonica has high medicinal value and has long been used as a traditional herbal hemostatic medicine in China and Korea.
Materials and methods
Dried C. japonica buds were extracted with 75% ethanol. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay were evaluated according to previous method. The ROS production and anti-inflammatory effects of C. japonica buds ethanol extract (CJE) were evaluated on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The protective effects of CJE on RE were conducted in a RE induced Sprague Dawley rat model.
Results
CJE eliminated over 50% of DPPH and ABTS radical at concentration of 100 and 200 µg/mL, respectively. CJE alleviated changes in cell morphology, reduced production of ROS, NO and IL-1β. Also, down-regulated expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, phosphorylated NF-κB, IκBα, and JNK/p38/MAPK. CJE reduced esophageal tissue damage ratio (40.3%) and attenuation of histological changes. In addition, CJE down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκBα in esophageal tissue .
Conclusions
CJE possesses good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity, and can improve RE in rats caused by acid reflux. Therefore, CJE may be a natural medicine source with good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects, and a candidate phytomedicine source for treating RE
Keywords
Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammation, Cytokines, Reflux esophagitis, NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Chinese Medicine.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 07 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 19 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 18 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Oct, 2020
Version 1
Posted 11 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 12 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 11 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 07 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 24 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 14 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 04 Aug, 2020
Metrics
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PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Internal Medicine
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Chinese Medicine.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Byung Kil Choo
Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju54896 Republic of Korea.
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-4399
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Chinese Medicine.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 07 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 19 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 18 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Oct, 2020
Version 1
Posted 11 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 12 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 11 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 07 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 24 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 14 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 04 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Internal Medicine
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Chinese Medicine.
Background
Excessive and continuous inflammation may be the main cause of various immune system diseases. Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is an inflammation of the esophagus caused by the reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus due to the dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter. Camellia japonica has high medicinal value and has long been used as a traditional herbal hemostatic medicine in China and Korea.
Materials and methods
Dried C. japonica buds were extracted with 75% ethanol. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay were evaluated according to previous method. The ROS production and anti-inflammatory effects of C. japonica buds ethanol extract (CJE) were evaluated on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The protective effects of CJE on RE were conducted in a RE induced Sprague Dawley rat model.
Results
CJE eliminated over 50% of DPPH and ABTS radical at concentration of 100 and 200 µg/mL, respectively. CJE alleviated changes in cell morphology, reduced production of ROS, NO and IL-1β. Also, down-regulated expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, phosphorylated NF-κB, IκBα, and JNK/p38/MAPK. CJE reduced esophageal tissue damage ratio (40.3%) and attenuation of histological changes. In addition, CJE down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκBα in esophageal tissue .
Conclusions
CJE possesses good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity, and can improve RE in rats caused by acid reflux. Therefore, CJE may be a natural medicine source with good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects, and a candidate phytomedicine source for treating RE
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
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