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Research article
Shiou-Liang Wee
Singapore Institute of Technology
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-4112
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: The main aim of this study was to the determine relationship between BMI and BF% in Singaporean adults, derive a prediction model to estimate BF%, and to report population BF%. The secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity based on BF% threshold and the new risk categories for obesity in Singaporean population.
Methods: This was a population-based study of 542 community-dwelling Singaporeans (21-90 years old, 43.1% men). Anthropometry and body composition were assessed. Relationship between BMI and BF% were analysed using multiple regression model. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated using WHO and Singapore Ministry of Health (MOH) Clinical Practice Guidelines BMI classification, and BF% cut-off points of 25% and 35% for men and women respectively.
Results: We derived a prediction model to estimate BF% based on BMI, age, sex and ethnicity. The current cohort of Singaporeans have higher BF% at matching BMI, age and sex than Caucasians in the US and Europe, and a Singaporean cohort from 20 years ago. The overall population-adjusted prevalence of obesity according to WHO International classification (BMI ³30kg/m2) was 12.9% (14.9% men; 11.0% women); and 26.6% (30.7% men; 22.8% women) according to MOH classification (BMI ³27.5kg/m2). However, using BF% cut-off (>25% for men and >35% for women) resulted in very high prevalence of obesity of 82.0% (80.2% men; 83.8% women).
Conclusion: There is a large discrepancy between BF% and BMI measured obesity in Singaporean adults. The results confirmed that Singaporean adults have higher BF% at lower BMI compared to US and UK white counterparts; and that BF% in our population have increased over two decades.
Keywords
Obesity, Percentage body fat, BMI, Prevalence
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 2
Posted 16 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 01 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 21 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 21 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 01 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 23 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 03 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
This preprint is under consideration at BMC Public Health. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Shiou-Liang Wee
Singapore Institute of Technology
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-4112
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 2
Posted 16 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 01 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 21 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 21 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 01 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 23 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 03 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: The main aim of this study was to the determine relationship between BMI and BF% in Singaporean adults, derive a prediction model to estimate BF%, and to report population BF%. The secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity based on BF% threshold and the new risk categories for obesity in Singaporean population.
Methods: This was a population-based study of 542 community-dwelling Singaporeans (21-90 years old, 43.1% men). Anthropometry and body composition were assessed. Relationship between BMI and BF% were analysed using multiple regression model. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated using WHO and Singapore Ministry of Health (MOH) Clinical Practice Guidelines BMI classification, and BF% cut-off points of 25% and 35% for men and women respectively.
Results: We derived a prediction model to estimate BF% based on BMI, age, sex and ethnicity. The current cohort of Singaporeans have higher BF% at matching BMI, age and sex than Caucasians in the US and Europe, and a Singaporean cohort from 20 years ago. The overall population-adjusted prevalence of obesity according to WHO International classification (BMI ³30kg/m2) was 12.9% (14.9% men; 11.0% women); and 26.6% (30.7% men; 22.8% women) according to MOH classification (BMI ³27.5kg/m2). However, using BF% cut-off (>25% for men and >35% for women) resulted in very high prevalence of obesity of 82.0% (80.2% men; 83.8% women).
Conclusion: There is a large discrepancy between BF% and BMI measured obesity in Singaporean adults. The results confirmed that Singaporean adults have higher BF% at lower BMI compared to US and UK white counterparts; and that BF% in our population have increased over two decades.
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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