See the published version of this preprint at BMC Geriatrics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
Research article
Chen Lin
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-6112
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: loneliness has been observed to be associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. Our study aims to investigate whether and how loneliness is related to frailty transition.
Methods: our study used 8425 participants (aged>=60) from 2008 and 2011 waves of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Loneliness was assessed by a single question asking how often the respondent feels lonely and isolated and grouped into three levels of loneliness: never, seldom and often. Frailty was contrasted in physical frailty and frailty index. Frailty transition as outcome variable has been designed as two types according the mearsurement of frailty: remaining robust or prefrail, improvement, worsening and remaining frail was used to describe the transition of physical frailty, and we created three categories of frailty index change to investigate the association between loneliness and frailty transition.
Results: greater loneliness reduced the possibility of remaining robust or prefrail physical frailty state after adjusting: odds ratios (95% CI) was 0.78(0.67-0.90), adjusted for age, gender, components number of frail scale at baseline and all other confounding variables. Greater loneliness was associated with an increased risk of worsening physical frailty after 3 years: compared with those never loneliness, the odds ratios (95% CI) for people who often loneliness were 1.19(1.01-1.40), adjusted for age, gender and components number of frail scale at baseline and all other confounding variables. The association between loneliness and the possibility of remaining robust or prefrail physical frailty states had no gender difference, adjusted for age and components number of frail scale at baseline, whereas loneliness was no longer significant in female participants after adjusting for all covariates. Male participants with often loneliness had an increased risk of worsening physical frailty state even with all covariates. By contrast, loneliness showed no significant relationship with physical frailty improvement and remaining frail. We found no significant relationship with loneliness under the model of the frailty index.
Conclusion: old adults with a high level of loneliness tend to be physical frailty state in the future, and male older with a high level of loneliness had an increased risk of worsening physical frailty state.
Keywords
loneliness, frailty, frailty transition, longitudinal, elderly, gender difference
Figure 1
Loading...
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 17 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 13 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 12 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 12 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editor assigned
On 24 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 17 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 18 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 21 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 19 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 14 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 May, 2020
Version 1
Posted 24 Sep, 2019
Community comments: 1
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 16 Apr, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 09 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Nov, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Nov, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 19 Sep, 2019
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2019
Editor invited
On 19 Aug, 2019
First submitted
On 16 Aug, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Learn more about our company.
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Geriatrics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Chen Lin
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-6112
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 17 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 13 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 12 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 12 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editor assigned
On 24 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 17 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 18 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 21 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 19 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 14 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 May, 2020
Version 1
Posted 24 Sep, 2019
Community comments: 1
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 16 Apr, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 09 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Nov, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Nov, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 19 Sep, 2019
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2019
Editor invited
On 19 Aug, 2019
First submitted
On 16 Aug, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Geriatrics & Gerontology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
Background: loneliness has been observed to be associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. Our study aims to investigate whether and how loneliness is related to frailty transition.
Methods: our study used 8425 participants (aged>=60) from 2008 and 2011 waves of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Loneliness was assessed by a single question asking how often the respondent feels lonely and isolated and grouped into three levels of loneliness: never, seldom and often. Frailty was contrasted in physical frailty and frailty index. Frailty transition as outcome variable has been designed as two types according the mearsurement of frailty: remaining robust or prefrail, improvement, worsening and remaining frail was used to describe the transition of physical frailty, and we created three categories of frailty index change to investigate the association between loneliness and frailty transition.
Results: greater loneliness reduced the possibility of remaining robust or prefrail physical frailty state after adjusting: odds ratios (95% CI) was 0.78(0.67-0.90), adjusted for age, gender, components number of frail scale at baseline and all other confounding variables. Greater loneliness was associated with an increased risk of worsening physical frailty after 3 years: compared with those never loneliness, the odds ratios (95% CI) for people who often loneliness were 1.19(1.01-1.40), adjusted for age, gender and components number of frail scale at baseline and all other confounding variables. The association between loneliness and the possibility of remaining robust or prefrail physical frailty states had no gender difference, adjusted for age and components number of frail scale at baseline, whereas loneliness was no longer significant in female participants after adjusting for all covariates. Male participants with often loneliness had an increased risk of worsening physical frailty state even with all covariates. By contrast, loneliness showed no significant relationship with physical frailty improvement and remaining frail. We found no significant relationship with loneliness under the model of the frailty index.
Conclusion: old adults with a high level of loneliness tend to be physical frailty state in the future, and male older with a high level of loneliness had an increased risk of worsening physical frailty state.
Figure 1
Loading...