1.Pickering G: Hypertension: definitions, natural histories and consequences. The American journal of medicine 1972, 52(5):570–583.
2.Mortality G, Causes of Death C: Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016, 388(10053):1459–1544.
3.Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J: Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005, 365(9455):217–223.
4.Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lin JK, Singh GM, Paciorek CJ, Cowan MJ, Farzadfar F, Stevens GA, Lim SS, Riley LM et al: National, regional, and global trends in systolic blood pressure since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 786 country-years and 5.4 million participants. Lancet 2011, 377(9765):568–577.
5.Feigin V: Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 2016, vol 8, num 388 (10053), p 1459–1544–1544 2016.
6.World Health Organization: A global brief on hypertension: silent killer, global public health crisis. 2016.
7.Chow CK, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Gupta R, Avezum A, Bahonar A, Chifamba J, Dagenais G, Diaz R: Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Jama 2013, 310(9):959–968.
8.Amoah AG: Sociodemographic variations in obesity among Ghanaian adults. Public health nutrition 2003, 6(8):751–757.
9.Cappuccio FP, Micah FB, Emmett L, Kerry SM, Antwi S, Martin-Peprah R, Phillips RO, Plange-Rhule J, Eastwood JB: Prevalence, detection, management, and control of hypertension in Ashanti, West Africa. Hypertension 2004, 43(5):1017–1022.
10.Addo J, Agyemang C, Smeeth L, de-Graft Aikins A, Edusei AK, Ogedegbe O: A review of population-based studies on hypertension in Ghana. Ghana medical journal 2012, 46(2 Suppl):4–11.
11.Lloyd-Sherlock P, Beard J, Minicuci N, Ebrahim S, Chatterji S: Hypertension among older adults in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control. International journal of epidemiology 2014, 43(1):116–128.
12.Lamptey P, Laar A, Adler AJ, Dirks R, Caldwell A, Prieto-Merino D, Aerts A, Pearce N, Perel P: Evaluation of a community-based hypertension improvement program (ComHIP) in Ghana: data from a baseline survey. BMC public health 2017, 17(1):368.
13.Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) GHSG aII: Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Rockville, Maryland, USA: GSS, GHS, and ICF International 2015.
14.Government of Ghana: National Health Insurance Act: Act 852. Accra: Government of Ghana; . 2012.
15.Witter S, Garshong B: Something old or something new? Social health insurance in Ghana. BMC international health and human rights 2009, 9:20.
16.FHI360: Descriptive Analysis of NCD Risk Factors in Three Communities in Ghana: A pilot study [Unpublished Project Report]. . 2012.
17.World Health Organization: Everybody’s business—strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes: WHO’s framework for action. 2007.
18.WORLD Health Organization: Adherence to long term therapies, time for action. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. In.; 2003.
19.Atun R, Jaffar S, Nishtar S, Knaul FM, Barreto ML, Nyirenda M, Banatvala N, Piot P: Improving responsiveness of health systems to non-communicable diseases. Lancet 2013, 381(9867):690–697.
20.MOH: National Policy for the prevention and Control of NCDs in Ghana 2012. In. Accra, Ghana; 2012a.
21.MOH: Strategy for the Management, Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Ghana 2012–2016. In. Accra. Ghana; 2012b.
22.de-Graft Aikins A: Healer shopping in Africa: new evidence from rural-urban qualitative study of Ghanaian diabetes experiences. Bmj 2005, 331(7519):737.
23.Ofori-Asenso R, Agyeman AA, Laar A: Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently “Healthy” Ghanaian Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of chronic diseases 2017, 2017:2562374.
24.Ofori-Asenso R, Agyeman AA, Laar A, Boateng D: Overweight and obesity epidemic in Ghana-a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC public health 2016, 16(1):1239.
25.Laar A, Aryeetey RN, Akparibo R, Zotor F, Ghana SUNAP: Nutrition sensitivity of the 2014 budget statement of Republic of Ghana. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2015, 74(4):526–532.
26.Allotey P, Reidpath DD, Yasin S, Chan CK, de-Graft Aikins A: Rethinking health-care systems: a focus on chronicity. Lancet 2011, 377(9764):450–451.
27.van Olmen J, Ku GM, Bermejo R, Kegels G, Hermann K, Van Damme W: The growing caseload of chronic life-long conditions calls for a move towards full self-management in low-income countries. Globalization and health 2011, 7:38.
28.Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Kengne AP: Chronic non-communicable diseases in Cameroon - burden, determinants and current policies. Globalization and health 2011, 7:44.
29.Lekoubou A, Awah P, Fezeu L, Sobngwi E, Kengne AP: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and task shifting in their management in sub-Saharan Africa. International journal of environmental research and public health 2010, 7(2):353–363.
30.Callaghan M, Ford N, Schneider H: A systematic review of task- shifting for HIV treatment and care in Africa. Human resources for health 2010, 8:8.
31.Zachariah R, Ford N, Philips M, Lynch S, Massaquoi M, Janssens V, Harries AD: Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009, 103(6):549–558.
32.World Medical Association: Resolution on Task Shifting from the Medical Profession. http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/t4/ (accessed 18 Mar 2018). . In.; 2013.
33.Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J, Plange-Rhule J, Surkis A, Rosenthal DM, Airhihenbuwa C, Iwelunmor J, Cooper R: Task shifting interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ open 2014, 4(10):e005983.
34.World Health Organization: Task shifting: rational redistribution of tasks among health workforce teams: global recommendations and guidelines. 2007.
35.Lulebo AM, Kaba DK, Atake SE, Mapatano MA, Mafuta EM, Mampunza JM, Coppieters Y: Task shifting in the management of hypertension in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study. BMC health services research 2017, 17(Suppl 2):698.
36.Wahab KW, Owolabi M, Akinyemi R, Jenkins C, Arulogun O, Akpa O, Gebregziabher M, Uvere E, Saulson R, Ovbiagele B: Short-term pilot feasibility study of a nurse-led intervention to improve blood pressure control after stroke in Nigeria. Journal of the neurological sciences 2017, 377:116–120.
37.Some D, Edwards JK, Reid T, Van den Bergh R, Kosgei RJ, Wilkinson E, Baruani B, Kizito W, Khabala K, Shah S et al: Task Shifting the Management of Non-Communicable Diseases to Nurses in Kibera, Kenya: Does It Work? PloS one 2016, 11(1):e0145634.
38.Gyamfi J, Plange-Rhule J, Iwelunmor J, Lee D, Blackstone SR, Mitchell A, Ntim M, Apusiga K, Tayo B, Yeboah-Awudzi K et al: Training nurses in task-shifting strategies for the management and control of hypertension in Ghana: a mixed-methods study. BMC health services research 2017, 17(1):104.
39.Iwelunmor J, Gyamfi J, Plange-Rhule J, Blackstone S, Quakyi NK, Ntim M, Zizi F, Yeboah-Awudzi K, Nang-Belfubah A, Ogedegbe G: Exploring stakeholders’ perceptions of a task-shifting strategy for hypertension control in Ghana: a qualitative study. BMC public health 2017, 17(1):216.
40.Leslie C: Medical pluralism in world perspective [1]. Social Science & Medicine Part B: Medical Anthropology 1980, 14(4):191–195.
41.Parkin D: Medical crises and therapeutic talk. Anthropology & medicine 2013, 20(2):124–141.
42.Penkala-Gawęcka D, Rajtar M: Introduction to the special issue ‘medical pluralism and beyond’. In.: Taylor & Francis; 2016.
43.Baer HA: Medical pluralism: An evolving and contested concept in medical anthropology. A companion to medical anthropology 2011:405–423.
44.Goldstein MS: The persistence and resurgence of medical pluralism. Journal of health politics, policy and law 2004, 29(4):925–945.
45.Aikins Ad-G: Healer shopping in Africa: new evidence from rural-urban qualitative study of Ghanaian diabetes experiences. Bmj 2005, 331(7519):737.
46.Hampshire KR, Owusu SA: Grandfathers, Google, and dreams: Medical pluralism, globalization, and new healing encounters in Ghana. Medical Anthropology 2013, 32(3):247–265.
47.Tabi MM, Powell M, Hodnicki D: Use of traditional healers and modern medicine in Ghana. International nursing review 2006, 53(1):52–58.
48.Awah PK: An ethnographic study of diabetes: implications for the application of patient centred care in Cameroon. Journal of Anthropology 2014, 2014.
49.Gyasi RM, Mensah CM, Osei-Wusu Adjei P, Agyemang S: Public perceptions of the role of traditional medicine in the health care delivery system in Ghana. 2011.
50.Godfrey-Faussett P, Kaunda H, Kamanga J, van Beers S, van Cleeff M, Kumwenda-Phiri R, Tihont V: Why do patients with a cough delay seeking care at Lusaka urban health centres? A health systems research approach. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2002, 6(9):796–805.
51.Awah PK, Phillimore P: Diabetes, medicine and modernity in Cameroon. Africa 2008, 78(4):475–495.
52.Laar AK, Kwara A, Nortey PA, Ankomah AK, Okyerefo MPK, Lartey MY: Use of Non-Prescription Remedies by Ghanaian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy. Frontiers in public health 2017, 5:115.
53.Awusabo-Asare K, Anarfi JK: Health-seeking behaviour of persons with HIV/AIDS in Ghana. Health transition review: the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health 1997, 7 Suppl:243–256.
54.GHP: Ghana Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Science and Technology Policy Research Institute (STEPRI). 2nd ed Accra, Ghana. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research 2007.
55.Burford G, Bodeker G, Kabatesi D, Gemmill B, Rukangira E: Traditional medicine and HIV/AIDS in Africa: a report from the International Conference on Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine and Local Communities in Africa (a parallel session to the Fifth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nairobi, Kenya, May 16–19, 2000). Journal of alternative and complementary medicine 2000, 6(5):457–471.
56.Wu JA, Attele AS, Zhang L, Yuan CS: Anti-HIV activity of medicinal herbs: usage and potential development. The American journal of Chinese medicine 2001, 29(1):69–81.
57.Lamorde M, Tabuti JR, Obua C, Kukunda-Byobona C, Lanyero H, Byakika-Kibwika P, Bbosa GS, Lubega A, Ogwal-Okeng J, Ryan M et al: Medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners for the treatment of HIV/AIDS and related conditions in Uganda. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2010, 130(1):43–53.
58.Liu ZM, Yang YS, Wang XL, Wen RX: [Recent progress on anti-HIV research of traditional Chinese medicine and components]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 2006, 31(21):1753–1758.