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Research article
Menti Lastone Ndile
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-1134
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
An overwhelming proportion of road traffic deaths and injuries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) occur in prehospital environments. Lay first responders such as police officers play an important role in providing initial assistance to victims of road traffic injuries either alone or in collaboration with others. The present study evaluated a postcrash first aid (PFA) educational program developed for police officers in Tanzania.
Method
A 16-hour PFA educational program was conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, for 135 police officers. Participants completed training surveys before, immediately and six months after the training (before, N = 135; immediately after, N = 135; after six months, N = 102). The primary outcome measures were PFA knowledge, perceived skills confidence, and skills utilization. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyse changes in outcome.
Results
The mean PFA knowledge score increased from 44.73% before training ( SD = 20.70) to 72.92% six months after training ( SD = 18.12), p ˂ .001, N = 102. The mean PFA perceived skills confidence score (measured on a 1–5 Likert scale) increased from 1.96 before training ( SD = 0.74) to 3.78 six months after training ( SD = 0.70), p ˂ .001, N = 102. Following training, application of the recovery position skill ( n = 42, 46%) and application of the bleeding control skill ( n = 45, 49%) were reported by nearly half of the responding officers. Less than a quarter of officers reported applying head and neck immobilization skills ( n = 20, 22%) following training.
Conclusion
A PFA educational program has shown to improve police officers’ knowledge and perceived skills confidence on provision of first aid. However qualitative research need to be conducted to shed more light regarding reasons for low utilization of trained first aid skills during follow-up.
Keywords
traffic police, postcrash, first aid education, road injuries
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Emergency Medicine.
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Posted 16 Mar, 2020
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On 11 Mar, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 28 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 07 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Dec, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 18 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Oct, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 23 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 04 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2019
First submitted
On 17 Sep, 2019
Metrics
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PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Critical Care & Emergency Medicine
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Emergency Medicine.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Menti Lastone Ndile
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-1134
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Emergency Medicine.
Version 4
Posted 16 Mar, 2020
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 11 Mar, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 28 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Jan, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 07 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Dec, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 18 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Oct, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 23 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 04 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2019
First submitted
On 17 Sep, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Critical Care & Emergency Medicine
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Emergency Medicine.
Background
An overwhelming proportion of road traffic deaths and injuries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) occur in prehospital environments. Lay first responders such as police officers play an important role in providing initial assistance to victims of road traffic injuries either alone or in collaboration with others. The present study evaluated a postcrash first aid (PFA) educational program developed for police officers in Tanzania.
Method
A 16-hour PFA educational program was conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, for 135 police officers. Participants completed training surveys before, immediately and six months after the training (before, N = 135; immediately after, N = 135; after six months, N = 102). The primary outcome measures were PFA knowledge, perceived skills confidence, and skills utilization. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyse changes in outcome.
Results
The mean PFA knowledge score increased from 44.73% before training ( SD = 20.70) to 72.92% six months after training ( SD = 18.12), p ˂ .001, N = 102. The mean PFA perceived skills confidence score (measured on a 1–5 Likert scale) increased from 1.96 before training ( SD = 0.74) to 3.78 six months after training ( SD = 0.70), p ˂ .001, N = 102. Following training, application of the recovery position skill ( n = 42, 46%) and application of the bleeding control skill ( n = 45, 49%) were reported by nearly half of the responding officers. Less than a quarter of officers reported applying head and neck immobilization skills ( n = 20, 22%) following training.
Conclusion
A PFA educational program has shown to improve police officers’ knowledge and perceived skills confidence on provision of first aid. However qualitative research need to be conducted to shed more light regarding reasons for low utilization of trained first aid skills during follow-up.
Figure 1
Figure 2
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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