1 Eccles, S. A. et al. Critical research gaps and translational priorities for the successful prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 15, R92, doi:10.1186/bcr3493 (2013).
2 Pantel, K. & Brakenhoff, R. H. Dissecting the metastatic cascade. Nat Rev Cancer 4, 448-456, doi:10.1038/nrc1370 (2004).
3 Carr, I. & Orr, F. W. Invasion and metastasis. Can Med Assoc J 128, 1164-1167 (1983).
4 Fidler, I. J. Tumor heterogeneity and the biology of cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res 38, 2651-2660 (1978).
5 Fidler, I. J. The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the 'seed and soil' hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer 3, 453-458, doi:10.1038/nrc1098 (2003).
6 Gout, S., Tremblay, P. L. & Huot, J. Selectins and selectin ligands in extravasation of cancer cells and organ selectivity of metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 25, 335-344, doi:10.1007/s10585-007-9096-4 (2008).
7 Tremblay, P. L., Auger, F. A. & Huot, J. Regulation of transendothelial migration of colon cancer cells by E-selectin-mediated activation of p38 and ERK MAP kinases. Oncogene 25, 6563-6573, doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209664 (2006).
8 Borsig, L. Selectins in cancer immunity. Glycobiology 28, 648-655, doi:10.1093/glycob/cwx105 (2018).
9 Varki, A. Selectin ligands: will the real ones please stand up? J Clin Invest 100, S31-35 (1997).
10 Schroder, C. et al. The transcription factor Fra-2 promotes mammary tumour progression by changing the adhesive properties of breast cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 46, 1650-1660, doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.008 (2010).
11 Angel, P. & Karin, M. The role of Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation and transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1072, 129-157 (1991).
12 Eferl, R. & Wagner, E. F. AP-1: a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 3, 859-868, doi:10.1038/nrc1209 (2003).
13 Goetz, J., Chatton, B., Mattei, M. G. & Kedinger, C. Structure and expression of the ATFa gene. J Biol Chem 271, 29589-29598 (1996).
14 Vogt, P. K. & Bos, T. J. jun: oncogene and transcription factor. Adv Cancer Res 55, 1-35 (1990).
15 Milde-Langosch, K. et al. Role of Fra-2 in breast cancer: influence on tumor cell invasion and motility. Breast Cancer Res Treat 107, 337-347, doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9559-y (2008).
16 Milde-Langosch, K. The Fos family of transcription factors and their role in tumourigenesis. Eur J Cancer 41, 2449-2461, doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2005.08.008 (2005).
17 Maruya, S. et al. Gene expression screening of salivary gland neoplasms: molecular markers of potential histogenetic and clinical significance. J Mol Diagn 6, 180-190, doi:10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60508-9 (2004).
18 Zhang, W., Hart, J., McLeod, H. L. & Wang, H. L. Differential expression of the AP-1 transcription factor family members in human colorectal epithelial and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Am J Clin Pathol 124, 11-19, doi:10.1309/T1H2Y2CHWY7PD2BN (2005).
19 Nakayama, T. et al. Aberrant expression of Fra-2 promotes CCR4 expression and cell proliferation in adult T-cell leukemia. Oncogene 27, 3221-3232, doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210984 (2008).
20 Nakayama, T., Higuchi, T., Oiso, N., Kawada, A. & Yoshie, O. Expression and function of FRA2/JUND in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Anticancer Res 32, 1367-1373 (2012).
21 Gupta, S. et al. Selective participation of c-Jun with Fra-2/c-Fos promotes aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in tongue cancer. Sci Rep 5, 16811, doi:10.1038/srep16811 (2015).
22 Wang, J. et al. FOSL2 positively regulates TGF-beta1 signalling in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 9, e112150, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112150 (2014).
23 Stubke, K., Wicklein, D., Herich, L., Schumacher, U. & Nehmann, N. Selectin-deficiency reduces the number of spontaneous metastases in a xenograft model of human breast cancer. Cancer Lett 321, 89-99, doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.019 (2012).
24 Workman, P. et al. Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research. Br J Cancer 102, 1555-1577, doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605642 (2010).
25 Percie du Sert, N. et al. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research. J Physiol 598, 3793-3801, doi:10.1113/JP280389 (2020).
26 Jojovic, M. & Schumacher, U. Quantitative assessment of spontaneous lung metastases of human HT29 colon cancer cells transplanted into SCID mice. Cancer Lett 152, 151-156 (2000).
27 Nehmann, N., Wicklein, D., Schumacher, U. & Muller, R. Comparison of two techniques for the screening of human tumor cells in mouse blood: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) versus laser scanning cytometry (LSC). Acta Histochem 112, 489-496, doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2009.05.004 (2010).
28 Khaustova, N. A. et al. Selectin-independent adhesion during ovarian cancer metastasis. Biochimie 142, 197-206, doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2017.09.009 (2017).
29 Kudriaeva, A. et al. The Transcriptome of Type I Murine Astrocytes under Interferon-Gamma Exposure and Remyelination Stimulus. Molecules 22, doi:10.3390/molecules22050808 (2017).
30 Sakharov, D. A. et al. Passing the anaerobic threshold is associated with substantial changes in the gene expression profile in white blood cells. Eur J Appl Physiol 112, 963-972, doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2048-3 (2012).
31 Maltseva, D. V. et al. High-throughput identification of reference genes for research and clinical RT-qPCR analysis of breast cancer samples. J Clin Bioinforma 3, 13, doi:10.1186/2043-9113-3-13 (2013).
32 Schroder, C. et al. Expression and prognostic value of L1-CAM in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 22, 1109-1117 (2009).
33 Ebeling, O. et al. L1 adhesion molecule on human lymphocytes and monocytes: expression and involvement in binding to alpha v beta 3 integrin. Eur J Immunol 26, 2508-2516, doi:10.1002/eji.1830261035 (1996).
34 Gebauer, F. et al. Selectin binding is essential for peritoneal carcinomatosis in a xenograft model of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in pfp--/rag2-- mice. Gut 62, 741-750, doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300629 (2013).
35 Kohler, S., Ullrich, S., Richter, U. & Schumacher, U. E-/P-selectins and colon carcinoma metastasis: first in vivo evidence for their crucial role in a clinically relevant model of spontaneous metastasis formation in the lung. Br J Cancer 102, 602-609, doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605492 (2010).
36 Oliveira-Ferrer, L. et al. Prognostic impact of transcription factor Fra-1 in ER-positive breast cancer: contribution to a metastatic phenotype through modulation of tumor cell adhesive properties. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 141, 1715-1726, doi:10.1007/s00432-015-1925-2 (2015).
37 Oliveira-Ferrer, L. et al. c-FOS suppresses ovarian cancer progression by changing adhesion. Br J Cancer 110, 753-763, doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.774 (2014).
38 Schaefer, A. W. et al. Activation of the MAPK signal cascade by the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 requires L1 internalization. J Biol Chem 274, 37965-37973 (1999).
39 Silletti, S. et al. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent gene expression contributes to L1 cell adhesion molecule-dependent motility and invasion. J Biol Chem 279, 28880-28888, doi:10.1074/jbc.M404075200 (2004).
40 Geismann, C. et al. Up-regulation of L1CAM in pancreatic duct cells is transforming growth factor beta1- and slug-dependent: role in malignant transformation of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 69, 4517-4526, doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3493 (2009).
41 Dippel, V. et al. Influence of L1-CAM expression of breast cancer cells on adhesion to endothelial cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 139, 107-121, doi:10.1007/s00432-012-1306-z (2013).
42 Altevogt, P., Doberstein, K. & Fogel, M. L1CAM in human cancer. Int J Cancer 138, 1565-1576, doi:10.1002/ijc.29658 (2016).
43 Lawson, C. & Wolf, S. ICAM-1 signaling in endothelial cells. Pharmacol Rep 61, 22-32 (2009).
44 Simon, S. I., Hu, Y., Vestweber, D. & Smith, C. W. Neutrophil tethering on E-selectin activates beta 2 integrin binding to ICAM-1 through a mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. J Immunol 164, 4348-4358, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.8.4348 (2000).
45 Strell, C. & Entschladen, F. Extravasation of leukocytes in comparison to tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 6, 10, doi:10.1186/1478-811X-6-10 (2008).
46 Strell, C., Lang, K., Niggemann, B., Zaenker, K. S. & Entschladen, F. Surface molecules regulating rolling and adhesion to endothelium of neutrophil granulocytes and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells and their interaction. Cell Mol Life Sci 64, 3306-3316, doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7402-6 (2007).
47 Rosette, C. et al. Role of ICAM1 in invasion of human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 26, 943-950, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi070 (2005).
48 Hubbard, A. K. & Rothlein, R. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and cell signaling cascades. Free Radic Biol Med 28, 1379-1386, doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00223-9 (2000).
49 Lawson, C., Ainsworth, M., Yacoub, M. & Rose, M. Ligation of ICAM-1 on endothelial cells leads to expression of VCAM-1 via a nuclear factor-kappaB-independent mechanism. J Immunol 162, 2990-2996 (1999).
50 Marhaba, R. & Zoller, M. CD44 in cancer progression: adhesion, migration and growth regulation. J Mol Histol 35, 211-231 (2004).
51 Herrera-Gayol, A. & Jothy, S. Adhesion proteins in the biology of breast cancer: contribution of CD44. Exp Mol Pathol 66, 149-156, doi:10.1006/exmp.1999.2251 (1999).
52 Foster, L. C. et al. Role of activating protein-1 and high mobility group-I(Y) protein in the induction of CD44 gene expression by interleukin-1beta in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 14, 368-378, doi:10.1096/fasebj.14.2.368 (2000).
53 Mandal, C. C., Ghosh-Choudhury, N., Yoneda, T., Choudhury, G. G. & Ghosh-Choudhury, N. Simvastatin prevents skeletal metastasis of breast cancer by an antagonistic interplay between p53 and CD44. J Biol Chem 286, 11314-11327, doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.193714 (2011).
54 Smith, S. M. & Cai, L. Cell specific CD44 expression in breast cancer requires the interaction of AP-1 and NFkappaB with a novel cis-element. PLoS One 7, e50867, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050867 (2012).
55 Hanley, W. D., Burdick, M. M., Konstantopoulos, K. & Sackstein, R. CD44 on LS174T colon carcinoma cells possesses E-selectin ligand activity. Cancer Res 65, 5812-5817, doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4557 (2005).
56 Oliveira-Ferrer, L., Legler, K. & Milde-Langosch, K. Role of protein glycosylation in cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 44, 141-152, doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.002 (2017).
57 Abdel-Ghany, M., Cheng, H. C., Elble, R. C. & Pauli, B. U. The breast cancer beta 4 integrin and endothelial human CLCA2 mediate lung metastasis. J Biol Chem 276, 25438-25446, doi:10.1074/jbc.M100478200 (2001).
58 Yoon, S. O., Shin, S. & Lipscomb, E. A. A novel mechanism for integrin-mediated ras activation in breast carcinoma cells: the alpha6beta4 integrin regulates ErbB2 translation and transactivates epidermal growth factor receptor/ErbB2 signaling. Cancer Res 66, 2732-2739, doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2941 (2006).
59 Foletta, V. C. Transcription factor AP-1, and the role of Fra-2. Immunol Cell Biol 74, 121-133, doi:10.1038/icb.1996.17 (1996).
60 Elola, M. T., Chiesa, M. E., Alberti, A. F., Mordoh, J. & Fink, N. E. Galectin-1 receptors in different cell types. J Biomed Sci 12, 13-29, doi:10.1007/s11373-004-8169-5 (2005).
61 Kuwabara, I., Sano, H. & Liu, F. T. Functions of galectins in cell adhesion and chemotaxis. Methods Enzymol 363, 532-552, doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(03)01078-4 (2003).
62 Cousin, J. M. & Cloninger, M. J. The Role of Galectin-1 in Cancer Progression, and Synthetic Multivalent Systems for the Study of Galectin-1. Int J Mol Sci 17, doi:10.3390/ijms17091566 (2016).
63 Jeschke, U. et al. Binding of galectin-1 (gal-1) to the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen on trophoblast cells and inhibition of proliferation of trophoblast tumor cells in vitro by gal-1 or an anti-TF antibody. Histochem Cell Biol 126, 437-444, doi:10.1007/s00418-006-0178-1 (2006).
64 van den Brule, F. A. et al. Galectin-1 modulates human melanoma cell adhesion to laminin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 209, 760-767, doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1564 (1995).
65 Nam, K. et al. Binding of galectin-1 to integrin beta1 potentiates drug resistance by promoting survivin expression in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 8, 35804-35823, doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16208 (2017).
66 Juszczynski, P. et al. The AP1-dependent secretion of galectin-1 by Reed Sternberg cells fosters immune privilege in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 13134-13139, doi:10.1073/pnas.0706017104 (2007).
67 Eferl, R., Zenz, R., Theussl, H. C. & Wagner, E. F. Simultaneous generation of fra-2 conditional and fra-2 knock-out mice. Genesis 45, 447-451, doi:10.1002/dvg.20311 (2007).