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Research
Rudaina Banihani
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-3045
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
BACKGROUND The General Movements Assessment is a non-invasive and cost-effective tool with demonstrated reliability for identifying infants at risk for cerebral palsy. Early detection of cerebral palsy allows for implementation of early intervention, and is associated with better functional outcomes. No review to date has summarized the utility of the General Movements Assessment to predict cerebral palsy in term and late-preterm infants diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy and so detect the research gaps.
METHODS We conducted a systematic scoping review for data on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and described the strengths and limitations of the results. We searched five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus and CINAHL). Two reviewers conducted all screening and data extraction independently. The articles were categorized according key findings and a critical appraisal performed.
RESULTS From the electronic database search, only two studies, case series, met all of the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants were 60. Neither of the final eligible studies included late-preterm neonates. Both studies reported on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value. The newer study reported that in the time period between term and 4-5 months post-term, that any cramped synchronized movements in this time period had results of 100% sensitivity and variable results for specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Neither of the studies had infants that received therapeutic hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy.
CONCLUSIONS The finding of cramped synchronized General Movements is a strong predictor of cerebral palsy by two years of age in the term population. Neonatal encephalopathy has an effect on spontaneous movements in term infants, be it transient or persistent. The predictive ability of spontaneous movements is very accurate when assessed early but improves when done later (at 15-22 weeks of age). A deficit of research exists with regards to cerebral palsy prediction using general movements in term and late-preterm infant with encephalopathy, especially when therapeutic hypothermia is instituted.
Systematic review registration
Title registration with Joanna Briggs Institute. URL: http://joannabriggs-webdev.org/research/registered_titles.aspx
Keywords
Neonatal encephalopathy, general movement assessment, Prechtl, hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, infants/neonates, term babies, preterm babies, motor development
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Systematic Reviews.
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 18 May, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 18 May, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 18 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 17 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 28 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 28 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 28 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Dec, 2020
Version 1
Posted 19 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 28 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 14 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Systems Biology
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at Systematic Reviews.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Rudaina Banihani
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-3045
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Systematic Reviews.
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 18 May, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 18 May, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 18 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 17 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 28 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 28 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 28 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Dec, 2020
Version 1
Posted 19 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 28 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 14 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Systems Biology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Systematic Reviews.
BACKGROUND The General Movements Assessment is a non-invasive and cost-effective tool with demonstrated reliability for identifying infants at risk for cerebral palsy. Early detection of cerebral palsy allows for implementation of early intervention, and is associated with better functional outcomes. No review to date has summarized the utility of the General Movements Assessment to predict cerebral palsy in term and late-preterm infants diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy and so detect the research gaps.
METHODS We conducted a systematic scoping review for data on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and described the strengths and limitations of the results. We searched five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus and CINAHL). Two reviewers conducted all screening and data extraction independently. The articles were categorized according key findings and a critical appraisal performed.
RESULTS From the electronic database search, only two studies, case series, met all of the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants were 60. Neither of the final eligible studies included late-preterm neonates. Both studies reported on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value. The newer study reported that in the time period between term and 4-5 months post-term, that any cramped synchronized movements in this time period had results of 100% sensitivity and variable results for specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Neither of the studies had infants that received therapeutic hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy.
CONCLUSIONS The finding of cramped synchronized General Movements is a strong predictor of cerebral palsy by two years of age in the term population. Neonatal encephalopathy has an effect on spontaneous movements in term infants, be it transient or persistent. The predictive ability of spontaneous movements is very accurate when assessed early but improves when done later (at 15-22 weeks of age). A deficit of research exists with regards to cerebral palsy prediction using general movements in term and late-preterm infant with encephalopathy, especially when therapeutic hypothermia is instituted.
Systematic review registration
Title registration with Joanna Briggs Institute. URL: http://joannabriggs-webdev.org/research/registered_titles.aspx
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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