The rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to drug use for AIDS and percentage changes from 1990 to 2017 in MENA countries are shown in Table 1. In MENA countries, the rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to drug use for AIDS in women, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.75–1.71) in 1990, 10.60 (95% CI: 10.6- 15.27) in 2007 and 13.39 (95% CI: 9.98–18.17) in 2017.
Table 1
Attributable mortality and burden of drug use in AIDS at MENA countries
Country | sex | DALY (Per 100000) | Percent change (%) | Age standardized Mortality Rate (Per 100000) | Percent change (%) |
1990 | 2007 | 2017 | 1990–2007 | 2007–2017 | 1990–2017 | 1990 | 2007 | 2017 | 1990–2007 | 2007–2017 | 1990–2017 |
Afghanistan | F | 1.30 (0.06–4.85) | 3.15 (3.15–11.99) | 3.57 (0.13–16.82) | 142.31 | 13.33 | 174.62 | 0.02 (0.00-0.09) | 0.06 (0.00-0.24) | 0.06 (0.00 -0.35) | 200.00 | 0.00 | 200.00 |
M | 3.81 (0.31–14.18) | 7.69 (0.98–30.27) | 9.61 (0.28–59.05) | 101.84 | 24.97 | 152.23 | 0.08 (0.30–0.31) | 0.16 (0.01–0.66) | 0.20 (0.27 -1.00) | 100.00 | 25.00 | 150.00 |
Algeria | F | 1.11 (0.26–5.57) | 5.28 (5.28–25.23) | 4.13 (0.44–29.77) | 375.68 | -21.78 | 272.07 | 0.02 (0.00-0.11) | 0.10 (0.01–0.51) | 0.07 (0.64 -0.00) | 400.00 | -30.00 | 250.00 |
M | 1.46 (0.21–7.35) | 5.71 (0.68–24.19) | 5.75 (0.43–25.83) | 291.10 | 0.70 | 293.84 | 0.03 (0.00-0.16) | 0.12 (0.00 -0.56) | 0.12 (0.00 -0.58) | 300.00 | 0.00 | 300.00 |
Bahrain | F | 4.56 (3.52–5.41) | 12.63 (12.63–15.15) | 10.90 (8.54–13.55) | 176.97 | -13.70 | 139.04 | 0.09 (0.07–0.11) | 0.26 (0.20–0.32) | 0.22 (0.17–0.28) | 188.89 | -15.38 | 144.44 |
M | 34.58 (27.1- 40.72) | 37.31 (34.89- 40) | 16.56 (14.36–19.58) | 7.89 | -55.62 | -52.11 | 0.81 (0.65–0.94) | 0.96 (1.89 − 0.03) | 0.41 (0.35–0.48) | 18.52 | -57.29 | -49.38 |
Egypt | F | 0.40 (0.21–0.58) | 0.74 (0.74–0.93) | 0.30 (0.17–0.59) | 85.00 | -59.46 | -25.00 | 0.00 (0.00-0.01) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.00 (0.00 -0.01) | - | -100.00 | - |
M | 0.84 (0.41–1.16) | 0.93 (0.69–1.27) | 0.63 (0.41–0.96) | 10.71 | -32.26 | -25.00 | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.01 (0.00-0.01) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Iran | F | 1.27 (1.05–1.47) | 8.47 (8.47–9.02) | 20.62 (17.31–24.01) | 566.93 | 143.45 | 1523.62 | 0.02 ((0.02–0.03) | 0.18 (0.17–0.19) | 0.47 (0.38–0.55) | 800.00 | 161.11 | 2250.00 |
M | 5.59 (4.51–6.53) | 27.53 (25.92- 29) | 33.52 (30.17–37.5) | 392.49 | 21.76 | 499.64 | 0.11 (0.08–0.13) | 0.56 (0.53–0.58) | 0.69 (0.62–0.78) | 409.09 | 23.21 | 527.27 |
Iraq | F | 0.24 (0.14–0.37) | 1.24 (1.24–1.59) | 1.56 (1.07–2.18) | 416.67 | 25.81 | 550.00 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.02 (0.01 0.03) | 0.02 (0.02–0.04) | - | 0.00 | - |
M | 0.2 (0.11–0.31) | 1.04 (0.81–1.35) | 1.24 (0.87–1.69) | 420.00 | 19.23 | 520.00 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | - | 0.00 | - |
Jordan | F | 0.30 (0.20–0.42) | 0.79 (0.79–1.03) | 0.58 (0.42–0.78) | 163.33 | -26.58 | 93.33 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.01 (0.01 0.02) | 0.01 (0.00 -0.01) | - | 0.00 | - |
M | 0.13 (0.01–0.18) | 0.54 (0.41–0.7) | 0.93 (0.48–1.46) | 315.38 | 72.22 | 615.38 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.01 (0.00 -0.01) | 0.01 (0.00 -0.03) | - | 0.00 | - |
Kuwait | F | 0.77 (0.57–1.01) | 1.34 (1.34–1.78) | 0.62 (0.46–0.83) | 74.03 | -53.73 | -19.48 | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.00 -0.01) | 100.00 | -50.00 | 0.00 |
M | 1.36 (1.01–1.68) | 0.64 (0.5–0.79) | 0.56 (0.44–0.7) | -52.94 | -12.50 | -58.82 | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | 0.01 (0.00 -0.01) | 0.01 (0.00 -0.01) | -50.00 | 0.00 | -50.00 |
Lebanon | F | 5.36 (0.24–17.71) | 6.33 (6.33–27.74) | 5.96 (0.21–27.15) | 18.10 | -5.85 | 11.19 | 0.10 (0.00-0.34) | 0.12 (0.00 -0.55) | 0.11 (0.00 -0.55) | 20.00 | -8.33 | 10.00 |
M | 15.44 (1.51–48.3) | 11.75 (0.94–58.33) | 8.45 (0.49–57.39) | -23.90 | -28.09 | -45.27 | 0.33 (0.02–1.09) | 0.25 (0.01–1.25) | 0.17 (0.01–1.25) | -24.24 | -32.00 | -48.48 |
Libya | F | 1.09 (0.07–3.83) | 5.94 (5.94–23.02) | 8.28 (0.89–31.37) | 444.95 | 39.39 | 659.63 | 0.02 (0.00-0.07) | 0.11 (0.01–0.46) | 0.16 (0.01–0.64) | 450.00 | 45.45 | 700.00 |
M | 1.47 (0.11–4.91) | 6.64 (0.85–26.56) | 9.13 (0.96–45.13) | 351.70 | 37.50 | 521.09 | 0.03 (0.00-0.11) | 0.14 (0.01–0.59) | 0.19 (0.01–1.02) | 366.67 | 35.71 | 533.33 |
Morocco | F | 2.00 (0.13–6.38) | 13.72 (13.72–61.9) | 7.70 (0.48–44.44) | 586.00 | -43.88 | 285.00 | 0.03 (0.00-0.13) | 0.26 (0.00 -1.22) | 0.14 (0.00 -0.96) | 766.67 | -46.15 | 366.67 |
M | 2.91 (0.31–9.54) | 16.31 (1.12–74.51) | 11.48 (0.57–83.15) | 460.48 | -29.61 | 294.50 | 0.06 (0.00-0.21) | 0.34 (0.01–1.66) | 0.23 (0.00 -1.83) | 466.67 | -32.35 | 283.33 |
Oman | F | 0.58 (0.42–0.79) | 2.25 (2.25–3.11) | 3.14 (1.59–5.57) | 287.93 | 39.56 | 441.38 | 0.01 (0.00-0.01) | 0.04 (0.02–0.06) | 0.06 (0.02–0.11) | 300.00 | 50.00 | 500.00 |
M | 1.38 (1.01–1.75) | 6.21 (4.47–8.28) | 15.43 (7.56–24.01) | 350.00 | 148.47 | 1018.12 | 0.03 (0.02–0.03) | 0.13 (0.09–0.17) | 0.35 (0.16–0.55) | 333.33 | 169.23 | 1066.67 |
Palestine | F | 0.07 (0.05–0.09) | 0.95 (0.95–1.21) | 1.30 (0.99–1.71) | 1257.14 | 36.84 | 1757.14 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | - | 100.00 | - |
M | 0.56 (0.31–0.78) | 1.74 (1.36–2.18) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 210.71 | -2.30 | 203.57 | 0.01 (0.00-0.01) | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 200.00 | 0.00 | 200.00 |
Qatar | F | 3.59 (2.47–4.89) | 2.26 (2.26–3.18) | 1.87 (1.24–2.58) | -37.05 | -17.26 | -47.91 | 0.06 (0.04–0.09) | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | -33.33 | -25.00 | -50.00 |
M | 3.45 (2.41–4.66) | 1.94 (1.47–2.49) | 1.14 (0.88–1.47) | -43.77 | -41.24 | -66.96 | 0.07 (0.04–0.09) | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | -42.86 | -50.00 | -71.43 |
Saudi Arabia | F | 2.74 (1.65–4.38) | 10.44 (10.44–13.17) | 10.19 (7.2- 13.85) | 281.02 | -2.39 | 271.90 | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 0.21 (0.02–0.16) | 0.20 (0.14–0.28) | 320.00 | -4.76 | 300.00 |
M | 3.15 (1.91–5.02) | 8.82 (6.96–11.01) | 7.69 (5.4- 10.21) | 180.00 | -12.81 | 144.13 | 0.06 (0.04–0.10) | 0.19 (0.15–0.23) | 0.16 (0.11–0.21) | 216.67 | -15.79 | 166.67 |
Sudan | F | 5.11 (2.94–10.43) | 122.92 (122.92- 186.15) | 138.22 (90.81- 201.91) | 2305.48 | 12.45 | 2604.89 | 0.09 (0.05–0.19) | 2.44 (1.56–3.62) | 2.77 (1.84-4.00) | 2611.11 | 13.52 | 2977.78 |
M | 11.78 (6.71–24.04) | 106.92 (68.56- 162.06) | 98.4 (64.05- 154.16) | 807.64 | -7.97 | 735.31 | 0.22 (0.12–0.47) | 2.19 (1.42–3.30) | 2.02 (1.30–3.16) | 895.45 | -7.76 | 818.18 |
Syria | F | 0.30 (0.21–0.42) | 0.57 (0.57–0.80) | 0.49 (0.31–0.80) | 90.00 | -14.04 | 63.33 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.01 (0.00-0.01) | 0.00 (0.00-0.01) | - | -100.00 | - |
M | 0.14 (0.11–0.19) | 0.22 (0.14–0.32) | 0.14 (0.08–0.28) | 57.14 | -36.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | - | - | - |
Tunisia | F | 0.17 (0.04–0.83) | 1.67 (1.67–8.30) | 3.74 (0.17–17.74) | 882.35 | 123.95 | 2100.00 | 0.00 (0.00-0.01) | 0.03 (0.00-0.16) | 0.07 (0.00-0.35) | - | 133.33 | - |
M | 2.06 (0.31–9.65) | 10.45 (0.99–49.85) | 15.43 (0.78–58.27) | 407.28 | 47.66 | 649.03 | 0.04 (0.00-0.20) | 0.02 (0.00-1.09) | 0.32 (0.00 1.29) | -50.00 | 1500.00 | 700.00 |
Turkey | F | 0.01 (0-00.020) | 0.07 (0.07–0.11) | 0.19 (0.13–0.25) | 600.00 | 171.43 | 1800.00 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | - | - | - |
M | 0.02 (1- 0.04) | 0.16 (0.11–0.25) | 0.29 (0.2–0.4) | 700.00 | 81.25 | 1350.00 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | - | - | - |
United Arab Emirates | F | 0.59 (0.03-2.00) | 3.78 (3.78–14.14) | 4.63 (0.50- 17.58) | 540.68 | 22.49 | 684.75 | 0.01 (0.00-0.04) | 0.07 (0.00-0.27) | 0.09 (0.00-0.35) | 600.00 | 28.57 | 800.00 |
M | 1.19 (0.11–3.97) | 6.78 (0.9- 30.05) | 25.2 (1.02- 146.01) | 469.75 | 271.68 | 2017.65 | 0.02 (0.00-0.09) | 0.14 (0.01–0.64) | 1.05 (0.01–6.89) | 600.00 | 650.00 | 5150.00 |
Yemen | F | 0.45 (0.02–1.92) | 0.98 (0.98–3.97) | 0.91 (0.04–4.86) | 117.78 | -7.14 | 102.22 | 0.00 (0.00-0.04) | 0.01 (0.00-0.07) | 0.01 (0.00-0.09) | - | 0.00 | - |
M | 1.05 (0.01–4.84) | 1.84 (0.2–7.36) | 1.86 (0.07–11.54) | 75.24 | 1.09 | 77.14 | 0.02 (0.00-0.11) | 0.03 (0.00-0.15) | 0.03 (0.00-0.25) | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 |
North Africa and Middle East | F | 1.10 (0.75–1.71) | 10.60 (10.6- 15.27) | 13.39 (9.98–18.17) | 863.64 | 26.32 | 1117.27 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.21 (0.14–0.30) | 0.27 (0.20–0.36) | 950.00 | 28.57 | 1250.00 |
M | 2.63 (1.91–3.64) | 13 (9.86–17.82) | 13.17 (10.26–17.83) | 394.30 | 1.31 | 400.76 | 0.05 (0.03–0.07) | 0.26 (0.20–0.37) | 0.27 (0.21–0.37) | 420.00 | 3.85 | 440.00 |
In men, there is an increasing trend from 1990 to 2017. The rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to drug use for AIDS in men living in United Arab Emirates, and women living in Tanzania and Sudanese increased from 2007 to 2017, and these countries had the highest percentage of change.
In Iran, rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to drug use for AIDS in men (27.53 to 33.52) and women (8.47 to 20.62) increased from 2007 to 2017, with percent change of 21.76% and 143.45% in men and women, respectively. The rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to drug use for AIDS decreased from 2007 to 2017 in the Bahrain, Lebanon, Egypt, Morocco and Qatar.
Age-standardized mortality rate attributable to AIDS by drug use for AIDS increased from 1990 to 2017 in both sex in Iran. In MENA countries, age-standardized mortality rate increased from 1990 to 2017 in both sex (Fig. 1, 2).
The rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS and percentage changes in MENA countries from 1990 to 2017 are shown in Table 2. The rate of DALYs/100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS increased in Iran from 1990 to 2017. In some countries, such as Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Egypt and Qatar attributable DALYs to unsafe sex increased 1990 to 2007 and then decreased in 2017. Age-standardized mortality rate has also shown a state of DALYs.
Table 2
Attributable mortality and burden of unsafe sex in AIDS at MENA countries
Country | sex | DALY (Per 100000) | Percent change (%) | Age standardized Mortality Rate (Per 100000) | Percent change (%) |
1990 | 2007 | 2017 | 1990–2007 | 2007–2017 | 1990–2017 | 1990 | 2007 | 2017 | 1990–2007 | 2007–2017 | 1990–2017 |
Afghanistan | F | 6.66 (0.33–24.88) | 16.55 (1.93–63.63) | 20.05 (0.74–98.52) | 148.50 | 21.15 | 201.05 | 0.13 (0.00-0.50) | 0.34 (0.02–1.30) | 038 (0.00-2.06) | 161.54 | 11.76 | 192.31 |
M | 19.24 (1.70-75.13) | 39.51 (5.13-153.41) | 51.16 (1.70-282.96) | 105.35 | 29.49 | 165.90 | 0.44 (0.02–1.84) | 0.90 (0.08–3.73) | 1.12 (0.02–6.53) | 104.55 | 24.44 | 154.55 |
Algeria | F | 5.52 (1.29–28.55) | 26.94 (4.46-129.03) | 21.54 (2.53-149.86) | 388.04 | -20.04 | 290.22 | 0.11 (0.02–0.59) | 0.53 (0.06–2.73) | 0.41 (0.02–3.30) | 381.82 | -22.64 | 272.73 |
M | 7.43 (1.10-38.11) | 30.07 (3.79-126.19) | 31.38 (2.69-130.65) | 304.71 | 4.36 | 322.34 | 0.16 (0.01–0.91) | 0.69 (0.04–3.04) | 0.73 (0.01–3.45) | 331.25 | 5.80 | 356.25 |
Bahrain | F | 3.31 (2.58–3.95) | 9.04 (7.31–11.02) | 8.32 (6.53–10.12) | 173.11 | -7.96 | 151.36 | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | 0.20 (0.15–0.25) | 0.18 (0.14–0.22) | 185.71 | -10.00 | 157.14 |
M | 24.31 (19.55–28.59) | 28.57 (30.98–26.47) | 13.82 (11.94–15.88) | 17.52 | -51.63 | -43.15 | 0.62 (0.50–0.72) | 0.81 (0.75–0.87) | 0.37 (0.32–0.42) | 30.65 | -54.32 | -40.32 |
Egypt | F | 2.17 (1.21–2.88) | 3.95 (3.63–4.33) | 1.83 (1.20–3.22) | 82.03 | -53.67 | -15.67 | 0.46 (0.02–0.06) | 0.07 (0.07–0.08) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | -84.78 | -57.14 | -93.48 |
M | 4.50 (2.58–5.71) | 4.93 (3.99–6.36) | 3.48 (2.48–4.97) | 9.56 | -29.41 | -22.67 | 0.10 (0.05–0.13) | 0.10 (0.08–0.14) | 0.06 (0.04–0.09) | 0.00 | -40.00 | -40.00 |
Iran | F | 0.30 (0.23–0.36) | 1.84 (1.62–2.11) | 5.24 (4.28–6.37) | 513.33 | 184.78 | 1646.67 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.04 (0.03–0.04) | 0.11 (0.09–0.14) | 566.67 | 175.00 | 1733.33 |
M | 1.04 (0.81–1.30) | 4.69 (4.05–5.49) | 6.38 (5.37–7.56) | 350.96 | 36.03 | 513.46 | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | 0.09 (0.08–0.14) | 0.13 (0.11–0.15) | 350.00 | 44.44 | 550.00 |
Iraq | F | 1.20 (0.77–1.84) | 6.34 (5.61–7.22) | 8.64 (6.45–10.92) | 428.33 | 36.28 | 620.00 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.12 (0.10–0.13) | 0.16 (0.12–0.20) | 500.00 | 33.33 | 700.00 |
M | 0.97 (0.61–1.50) | 5.13 (4.55–5.93) | 6.60 (4.99–8.03) | 428.87 | 28.65 | 580.41 | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.10 (0.09–0.11) | 0.12 (0.09–0.15) | 900.00 | 20.00 | 1100.00 |
Jordan | F | 1.95 (1.49–2.32) | 5.59 (5.01–6.36) | 4.46 (3.74–5.41) | 186.67 | -20.21 | 128.72 | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 0.11 (0.10–0.13) | 0.09 (0.07–0.11) | 266.67 | -18.18 | 200.00 |
M | 1.11 (0.87–1.30) | 4.85 (4.23–5.73) | 8.64 (4.66–12.93) | 336.94 | 78.14 | 678.38 | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | 0.10 (0.08–0.12) | 0.19 (0.08-0.00) | 400.00 | 90.00 | 850.00 |
Kuwait | F | 4.49 (3.74–5.37) | 7.52 (6.19–9.09) | 3.54 (2.96–4.22) | 67.48 | -52.93 | -21.16 | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | 0.14 (0.11–0.17) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 75.00 | -57.14 | -25.00 |
M | 8.24 (7.46–9.15) | 3.70 (3.35–4.12) | 3.32 (2.95–3.74) | -55.10 | -10.27 | -59.71 | 0.17 (0.16–0.19) | 0.06 (0.06–0.07) | 0.06 (0.05–0.06) | -64.71 | 0.00 | -64.71 |
Lebanon | F | 26.98 (1.21–81.92) | 33.72 (1.64-145.53) | 33.53 (1.26-141.93) | 24.98 | -0.56 | 24.28 | 0.55 (0.01–1.71) | 0.69 (0.01–2.95) | 0.67 (0.01–2.88) | 25.45 | -2.90 | 21.82 |
M | 78.64 (7.93-246.37) | 61.28 (5.07-293.73) | 46.64 (2.96-300.57) | -22.08 | -23.89 | -40.69 | 1.83 (0.11–6.22) | 1.37 (0.06–6.56) | 1.04 (0.03–7.27) | -25.14 | -24.09 | -43.17 |
Libya | F | 5.61 (0.37–19.01) | 30.88 (3.34-118.51) | 44.74 (5.00-172.87) | 450.45 | 44.88 | 697.50 | 0.11 (0.00-0.39) | 0.63 (0.05–2.34) | 0.89 (0.07–3.57) | 472.73 | 41.27 | 709.09 |
M | 7.57 (0.94–25.79) | 34.62 (4.52-141.72) | 48.93 (5.47-229.06) | 357.33 | 41.33 | 546.37 | 0.17 (0.01–0.66) | 0.79 (0.06–3.34) | 1.10 (0.08–5.68) | 364.71 | 39.24 | 547.06 |
Morocco | F | 10.23 (0.73–32.01) | 72.07 (4.23-331.16) | 42.55 (2.80-261.46) | 604.50 | -40.96 | 315.93 | 0.20 (0.00-0.65) | 1.44 (0.04–6.42) | 0.79 (0.02–5.41) | 620.00 | -45.14 | 295.00 |
M | 15.02 (1.73–49.89) | 85.52 (5.64-395.22) | 60.98 (3.29-389.23) | 469.37 | -28.70 | 305.99 | 0.34 (1.22 − 0.02) | 1.92 (0.07–9.79) | 1.32 (0.02–9.74) | 464.71 | -31.25 | 288.24 |
Oman | F | 4.96 (3.94–5.84) | 28.60 (21.17–36.02) | 30.20 (16.39–49.88) | 476.61 | 5.59 | 508.87 | 0.09 (0.07–0.11) | 0.54 (0.39–0.70) | 0.59 (0.29–1.04) | 500.00 | 9.26 | 555.56 |
M | 13.41 (11.05–15.26) | 79.30 (60.65–98.76) | 154.21 (81.48-220.32) | 491.35 | 94.46 | 1049.96 | 0.32 (0.26–0.36) | 1.75 (1.28–2.25) | 3.83 (1.96–5.46) | 446.88 | 118.86 | 1096.88 |
Palestine | F | 0.32 (0.25–0.39) | 4.66 (4.08–5.21) | 6.99 (6.11–8.05) | 1356.25 | 50.00 | 2084.38 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.08 (0.07–0.09) | 0.13 (0.11–0.15) | 1233.33 | 62.50 | 2066.67 |
M | 2.57 (1.92–3.16) | 8.19 (7.53–8.81) | 8.59 (7.58–9.90) | 218.68 | 4.88 | 234.24 | 0.05 (0.03–0.06) | 0.16 (0.15–0.17) | 0.17 (0.15–0.19) | 220.00 | 6.25 | 240.00 |
Qatar | F | 17.42 (12.23–21.54) | 12.13 (10.01–15.56) | 9.87 (7.05–12.06) | -30.37 | -18.63 | -43.34 | 0.33 (0.23–0.41) | 0.23 (0.18–0.31) | 0.19 (0.14–0.23) | -30.30 | -17.39 | -42.42 |
M | 16.94 (12.44–20.79) | 10.63 (9.03–12.27) | 7.16 (6.25–8.48) | -37.25 | -32.64 | -57.73 | 0.35 (0.26–0.43) | 0.23 (0.19–0.28) | 0.14 (0.13–0.17) | -34.29 | -39.13 | -60.00 |
Saudi Arabia | F | 14.08 (9.25–20.89) | 53.30 (47.42–59.74) | 53.20 (41.09–67.90) | 278.55 | -0.19 | 277.84 | 0.29 (0.18–0.43) | 1.11 (1.00-1.23) | 1.10 (0.83–1.45) | 282.76 | -0.90 | 279.31 |
M | 15.99 (10.55–23.74) | 45.84 (40.60-52.34) | 41.29 (31.24–49.96) | 186.68 | -9.93 | 158.22 | 0.36 (0.23–0.56) | 1.05 (0.91–1.19) | 0.90 (0.65–1.13) | 191.67 | -14.29 | 150.00 |
Sudan | F | 27.35 (17.73–50.25) | 608.88 (420.73-848.27) | 688.55 (929.31-929.31) | 2126.25 | 13.08 | 2417.55 | 0.50 (0.23–0.97) | 12.60 (8.75–17.56) | 14.36 (10.13–19.15) | 2420.00 | 13.97 | 2772.00 |
M | 58.40 (37.05-115.57) | 513.81 (356.86-736.59) | 479.49 (339.26-698.76) | 779.81 | -6.68 | 721.04 | 1.17 (0.71–2.43) | 11.12 (7.89–16.15) | 10.29 (7.33–14.97) | 850.43 | -7.46 | 779.49 |
Syria | F | 1.67 (1.38–1.92) | 3.41 (2.82–3.88) | 3.13 (2.30–4.52) | 104.19 | -8.21 | 87.43 | 0.03 (0.02–0.03) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 100.00 | -16.67 | 66.67 |
M | 1.81 (1.59–2.03) | 3.18 (2.39–3.72) | 2.30 (1.48–4.19) | 75.69 | -27.67 | 27.07 | 0.03 (0.04 − 0.03) | 0.06 (0.04–0.07) | 0.03 (0.02–0.07) | 100.00 | -50.00 | 0.00 |
Tunisia | F | 2.12 (0.47-11.00) | 21.47 (2.99-107.87) | 49.23 (3.13–216.30) | 912.74 | 129.30 | 2222.17 | 0.04 (0.00-0.22) | 0.41 (0.03–2.13) | 0.94 (0.03–4.44) | 925.00 | 129.27 | 2250.00 |
M | 6.13 (1.03–29.39) | 31.56 (3.33-132.56) | 52.52 (3.55–177.10) | 414.85 | 66.41 | 756.77 | 0.13 (0.01–0.69) | 0.70 (0.02–3.39) | 1.15 (0.03–4.27) | 438.46 | 64.29 | 784.62 |
Turkey | F | 0.25 (0.01–0.47) | 2.32 (1.85–3.12) | 6.01 (4.78–7.07) | 828.00 | 159.05 | 2304.00 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | 0.11 (0.09–0.14) | 700.00 | 175.00 | 2100.00 |
M | 0.67 (0.03–1.27) | 6.2 (4.80–8.59) | 11.15 (8.73–13.30) | 825.37 | 79.84 | 1564.18 | 0.01 (0.00-0.02) | 0.13 (0.09–0.19) | 0.24 (0.18–0.29) | 1200.00 | 84.62 | 2300.00 |
United Arab Emirates | F | 3.04 (0.13–10.27) | 19.78 (2.12–76.82) | 25.69 (2.84-103.71) | 550.66 | 29.88 | 745.07 | 0.06 (0.00-0.21) | 0.40 (0.03–1.55) | 0.52 (0.04–2.09) | 566.67 | 30.00 | 766.67 |
M | 6.21 (0.64–21.75) | 36.42 (4.75-143.26) | 228.95 (5.97-1483.06) | 486.47 | 528.64 | 3586.80 | 0.14 (0.00-0.53) | 0.81 (0.06–3.40) | 10.58 (0.10-74.53) | 478.57 | 1206.17 | 7457.14 |
Yemen | F | 13.40 (0.66–59.01) | 31.20 (2.75-115.35) | 29.22 (1.35-152.51) | 132.84 | -6.35 | 118.06 | 0.27 (0.00-1.30) | 0.63 (0.04–2.38) | 0.55 (0.01–2.99) | 133.33 | -12.70 | 103.70 |
M | 41.17 (2.87-198.04) | 75.53 (8.92-284.29) | 75.81 (3.46-445.03) | 83.46 | 0.37 | 84.14 | 0.94 (0.03–4.69) | 1.72 (0.14–6.63) | 1.63 (0.03–10.45) | 82.98 | -5.23 | 73.40 |
Middle East and North Africa | F | 5.14 (3.34–8.07) | 47.58 (33.63–69.06) | 53.44 (38.79–75.89) | 825.68 | 12.32 | 939.69 | 0.10 (0.06–0.16) | 0.95 (0.67–1.39) | 1.05 (0.77–1.50) | 850.00 | 10.53 | 950.00 |
M | 10.06 (6.61–16.18) | 45.87 (32.10-70.37) | 46.16 (31.30-72.66) | 355.96 | 0.63 | 358.85 | 0.22 (0.13–0.37) | 1.00 (0.69–1.58) | 1.00 (0.65–1.63) | 354.55 | 0.00 | 354.55 |
In all countries of the MENA, rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS is higher in men than in women except Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS is higher in men than in women except Saudi Arabia and Sudan.
In Iranian women, the rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS in 1990, 2007 and 2017 were 0.3 (0.23–0.36), 1.84 (1.62–2.11) and 5.24 (4.28–6.37), respectively; in men 1.04 (0.81–1.30), 4.69 (4.05–5.49) and 6.38 (5.37–7.56). Age-standardized mortality rate in 1990, 2007 and 2017 were 0.00(0.00–0.00), 0.04 (0.03–0.04) and 0.11 (0.09–0.14) for Iranian women and 0.02(0.01–0.02), 0.09 (0.08–0.14) and 0.13(0.11–0.15) in Iranian men.
Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS increased by 550% in men and 11733% in women; attributable DALYs/100,000 due to unsafe sex increased by 350% in men and 513% in women from 1990 to 2017 in Iran.
In most MENA countries, the rate of DALYs/100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS has increased in men and women (Fig. 3). Age trend of the mortality and burden of drug use and unsafe sex in AIDS at MENA countries both of sex are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The rate of DALYs/100,000 of the two risk factors (unsafe sex and drug use) in Sudan was much higher than in other countries. Thus, it is not shown in Figs. 4 and 3.