A Signicant Role of MoO3 on the Optical, Thermal, and Radiation Shielding Characteristics of B2O3-P2O5 -Li2O Glasses

Glasses based on borophosphate with the formula 42.5P 2 O 5 – 42.5B 2 O 3 – (15-x) Li 2 O – xMoO 3 mol% where 𝑥 = (0 ≤ 𝑥 ≥ 15 ) were manufactured using the melt-quenching methodology. The status of prepared samples was identified by (XRD). The temperature of the glass transition T g , the temperature of onset glass crystallisation T c and the temperature of the crystallisation T p were evaluated using a differential thermal analyser (DTA). The energy gap ( 𝐸 𝑜𝑝𝑡 ), Urbach ( 𝐸 𝑢 ), and parameters of dispersion were calculated through the data of optical spectra. Physical properties were determined and calculated, such as molar refractivity, metallization, electron polarizability, electronegativity, loss of reflection and dispersion parameters. Raising MoO 3 at the expense of Li 2 O was used to assess the level of protection. For radiation protection applications, the glasses under investigation had superior characteristics.


Introduction
B2O3-P2O5 glasses with superior efficiency can be used in a variety of different settings. Solid-state batteries, and nonlinear optics borophosphate glasses are appropriate. Due to its obvious advantages, lithium borophosphate is classical glass that has become recognized in storage batteries. These glasses are used as storage batteries in optical and electronic instruments. The addition of modifiers such as Li2O influences of these characteristics. Li2O will be combined instead of B-change BO4 to BO3 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The characteristics of the combined glass (B2O3+P2O5) networks vary from those of the single glass B2O3 and P2O5 networks.
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are a fascinating group of semiconductor materials because of their technological advantages for use in microelectronics and display systems.

Methodology
With the evaporation of CO2, NH3 and H2O, Li2CO3, (NH4)2HPO4 and H3BO4 and are converted into Li2O, P2O5 and B2O3. The furnace temperature was changed at a melting temperature of 1050 °C. At 350 °C the prepared samples are annealed.
The Philips X-ray diffractometer (model PW / 1710) checked the condition of these glasses and glass-ceramics. The spectrophotometer was used to measure the optical spectra of the investigated glass system (type JASCO V-670). The thermal investigation was carried out with a DTA-50 (Shimadzu-Japan). Phy-X / PSD can calculate a variety of shielding considerations [34]. Electron density (Neff) was predictable as:

XRD
Figure 1 depicts the glass system's X-ray features. In the glass samples, XRD revealed no discrete lines or sharp peaks, indicating a high degree of glass status.

band gap
Glass spectrum in the UV and VIS areas were used for the estimated of the band gap energy is estimated by ( . ℎ ) 1/2 = (ℎ − . ) where B is an energy independent constant and ℎ is photon energy. By intrigue the ( . ℎ ) 1/2 versus ℎ as Fig.5. Plot of ( . ℎ ) 1/2 against photon energy (ℎ ) to evaluate the indirect from the intercept.
increases with increasing MoO3, as revealed in Table 2 where k = /4. The refractive index presented in Fig.8 for fabricated glasses. It has already been stated that density increase, the refractive index of these samples increased. As a result, it can be directly compared to reflectance and density, and opposite to molar volume.

DTA
The thermal analysis (DTA) of glass samples demonstrated in Fig. 14 Table 4.

Photon Shielding Features
The  as these processes lead to high accumulation value due to multiple scattering processes. Third parts (high energy): the common process is the pair production. In this process, EBF and, EABF is decreased with energy. Therefore, these data helped in the determination of maximum radiation intensity occur. In this research, highest radiation occurs on the surface of the sample.
In Fig. 21, fast cross section neutron removal (FNRCS) is shown. It was stated that MoO3 improved FNRCS.

Conclusions
In the existing research, molybdenum lithium borophosphate glasses 42.5P2O5 -42.5B2O3 - 1-Because of the increase in MoO3, the metallization of these glasses was improved.
2-The 2.23 for G 1, 2.32 for G 2, 2.38 for G 3, 2.41 for G 4, and 2.49 for G 5 were identified as the indirect optical bands that were collected.
3-Urbach energies of these samples were reduces as the content of MoO3 increase.
4-As the density of the investigated glasses rises, the refractive index rises as well. The findings discovered that as MoO3 increase the glass system can result in significant improvements in attenuation and optical characteristics. Furthermore, it is possible to use this glass in optoelectronic, optical devices, and a radiation shield for use in x-ray centers.    The absorbance (A) and Transmittance (T) of the prepared glasses.

Figure 3
The re ectance (R) of the prepared glasses.

Figure 4
The absorption coe cient of the prepared glasses.

Figure 5
Plot of (α hυ)1/2 against photon energy (hυ) to calculate the indirect optical band gap from the intercept of the curves.

Figure 6
Dependence of ln(α) upon the photon energy (hυ) for the prepared glasses.

Figure 7
Optical band gap and Urbach energy versus concentration of MoO3.

Figure 8
Refractive index of the prepared glasses.

Figure 9
Molar refractivity of the prepared glasses.

Figure 10
Electronic polarizability of the prepared glasses.

Figure 11
Optical basicity of the prepared glasses.

Figure 14
DTA of the prepared glasses.

Figure 15
The MFP for the prepared glasses as a function of photon energy.

Figure 16
The (Neff) for the prepared glasses as a function of photon energy.

Figure 17
The ASC for the prepared glasses as a function of photon energy Figure 18 The Ceff for the prepared glasses as a function of photon energy.

Figure 19
Variation of EBF versus the gamma ray energy for the prepared glasses as a function of photon energy.

Figure 20
Variation of EABF versus the gamma ray energy for the prepared glasses as a function of photon energy.

Figure 21
FNRCS for the prepared glasses comparison with standard materials.