The CCI represents that the locations 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 which indicates visual assessment of a few pieces of debris can be detected. Similarly, [23] reported marine debris concentration of 0.42 items/m2 at Asparuhov beach, Varna in Bulgaria. The debris identified are plastic cups, and industrial packaging. The beach is categorized as moderate by CCI; [26] suggested that marine debris concentration of 6.06 units/m2 at the beach of Arrial do cabo in Rio De Jeniro, Brazil. The debris in the study area is identified as food packages, straw, bottle caps, disposal cups, swab rod, light stick, and bottle. According to CCI the beach Prainha is categorized as dirty to moderate, Pontal beach is categorized as dirty and grand beach is categorized as clean to moderate, and [20] explained that marine debris abundance of 0.1-0.35 items/m2 in red sea, Eritera. The marine debris identified are cloths, foamed plastics, and plastics. Red sea (Eritera) is determined as very clean – moderate by CCI.
At locations 4, and 8 (4.25, 4.65 values indicates clean by CCI which indicate no debris is seen over a large area in the locations. In similarly, [19] reported marine debris abundance of 9.3 items/m2 in Cyprus. The marine debris identified are PP and PE. The Cyprus beach is categorized as clean by CCI, and [17] identified plastic debris along Isreal coast and according to clean-coast index the coast is classified as clean; and [10] reported marine debris concentration of 0.2 litter item/m2 in NW Adriatic beaches. The debris is identified as cigarette butts, unrecognizable plastic pieces, bottle caps. The beaches are categorized as clean-dirty according to CCI. At similar reported, [18] reported that marine debris abundances of 0.042 items/m2 in the Mkomani beach, Kenya. The marine debris identified are food products packaging, PC, HP, PET, SL, HDPE, PP, and PVC. In the Mkomani beach is determined extremely dirty by CCI.
[21] reported marine debris concentration of 1.98 items/m2 in Qatar and the debris are identified as plastics, metal, glass, paper, fabric, rubber, and processed food & Qatar beach is identified as dirty to extremely dirty by CCI. [25] studied that marine debris concentration of 34,027 items/m2 at Pelagos sanctuary (Ligurian Sea - NW Mediterranean Sea). The debris is identified as glass, rubbers, textiles, foam/sponge, plastic, and PS. The Ligurian sea is categorized as very clean-extremely dirty by CCI. [27] researched that marine debris of 3305 items/m2 in eastern Mediterranean. The debris are indentified as foam, cloth, glass, metal, papers, rubber, and wood. The Eastern Mediterranean is categorized as very clean-extremely dirty by CCI. [29] reported that the marine debris concentration of 1.51 items/m2 in Slovenia. The debris are identified as fishing ropes, cutlery, lolly sticks, cups, drink bottles, cosmetics packaging, string, caps and lids, fishing net floats, foam, and drink bottles. The area is categorized as extremely dirty by CCI. The estimated CCI value for position 10 is 11.2 (dirty), indicating that there is a lot of debris on the beach. Likewise [22] reported that the marine debris concentration of 506.2 items/m2 at Sudan, Red sea. The debris are identified as plastics, textiles, fishing gears, metals, and wood, glass, food, and wrappers/packs. The beach is categorized as very clean-dirty by CCI. [24] studied that marine debris concentration of 0.26 items/gram at the beach of southwestern Luzon in Philippines. The debris are identified as plastic bags, disposable cup and a sachet. The beach is categorized as dirty by CCI. [28] explained that marine debris of concentration 50.82 items/m2 in Salvodar, Brazil. The debris is identified as plastic, metal, glass, wood, cloth, plastic bags, beverage cans, barbecue and wooden sticks and plastic fragments. The area is categorized as dirty by CCI.
Sources of marine debris
The three main categories of sources that contribute to the marine debris input along the Thondi coast are land-based, sea-based, and unknown sources. According to the findings of the study, litter from land-based sources contributes the most to the total amount of litter generated. Overall, the land - based marine debris reported for 62.45% of the items, sea - originated marine debris examined for 21.14% items, and marine debris 16.41%items could not be identified. Similarly [21] reported that 45.3% of the items account for land-based marine litter, 8.75% of the items represent sea-originated marine litter and 25.4% of the items could not be identified in the west coast of Qatar. Any man-made product that has ended up in the marine environment after being lost or dumped at sea or on land is referred to as marine litter. A few litter floats in the oceans, some washes up on our shores, but the majority settles on the seafloor. Unprocessed waste from sewage treatment facilities, products washed down rivers, and discarded fishing boats are all sources of marine debris. Plastic bottles drink containers, cigarette butts, and microplastics are examples of marine debris.