Assembly of Two New Coordination Polymers: Luminescent Properties and Anti-inflammatory Activity on Postoperative Infectious Endophthalmitis

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-635113/v1

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Assembly of Two New Coordination Polymers: Luminescent Properties and Anti-inflammatory Activity on Postoperative Infectious Endophthalmitis

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-635113/v1

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The solvothermal reactions via the self-assemble approach produced two new metal-organic compounds, i.e, [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H₂O)]_n·n(DMF) (1) and [Cd₃(btc)₂(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H₂O)₃]_n(2) (DMF is N,N’-dimethylformamide, H₃btc is benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, and 4-Hcptpy is 4-[2,6-bis(pyridine-4-yl)pyridine-4-yl]benzoic acid). Furthermore, the compounds’ luminescent performances have also been studied. As a result, compounds 1-2 show intense luminescence at room temperature. The evaluation of their application values against postoperative infectious endophthalmitis (PIE) was implemented and their specific mechanism was investigated. First of all, the real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed and the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κb) signaling pathway activation levels were measured. In addition to this, the inflammatory cytokines content released after the cataract surgery was determined through exploiting the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection kit.

Inorganic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Solvothermal synthesis

Interpenetrated framework

Luminescence

PIE

biological evaluation

Postoperative infectious endophthalmitis (PIE) still cannot be completely avoided. The disease seriously affects vision, with poor recovery. There is still a big gap in the medical level of hospitals at all different levels in our country [1]. The incidence of PIE in large-scale ophthalmic institutions in my country is 0.033%, while the incidence of a PIE in small and medium-sized ophthalmology patients is as high as 0.11%, which is 3 times of the incidence of large-scale ophthalmic institutions [2]. The level of prevention and treatment of endophthalmitis after cataract extraction in our country needs to be further improved.

Postoperative infectious endophthalmitis (PIE) is caused by infection and inflammation of intraocular tissues due to the invasion of pathogens. The common causes are: corneal penetrating injury, intraocular extraneous matter, intraocular surgery. Incision infection after surgery is one of the most serious complications of shell surgery, which prolongs the patient’s hospital stay and causes great harm to the patient’s body and mind. During the procession of the PIE, there was usually combined with an increased level of inflammatory cytokines in the corneal endothelial cells, reflected as the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, new candidates targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway were needed to be developed.

During the past few decades, as a kind of hybrid materials, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have obtained wide exploration interest because of their extensive applications prospects in the heterogeneous catalysis, luminescence, nonlinear optics, gas storage/separation areas [3–6]. Up to now, various synthetic strategies have been developed to fabricate crystalline MOFs, e.g., mixed-ligand method, template-directed synthesis, pillar-layered strategy, second building unit method [7–10]. However, the structures of MOFs are sensitive to various reaction conditions, including reaction temperature, reaction solvent, pH value, auxiliary ligand, reactant stoichiometry, template agent, the functionality of the organic ligands, and so on [11–15]. Each change of the above factors may result in significant changes in the topology and structure. An important challenge therefore is to rationally achieve the preferred structures with specific properties at molecular level. For the purpose of this, it is crucial to intelligently select suitable organic ligands with appropriate functional groups and geometries. To the best of our knowledge, the selected organic ligands possess a critical effect in construction and determination of functional properties and structure of the MOFs [16]. In addition to this, MOFs also proved having the excellent application values on the anti-inflammatory disease, thus, its treatment on the PIE disease was evaluated in this present research.

In contrast to the widely used bridging carboxylic acid ligand, bifunctional pyridine carboxylic acids with large spacers between the coordination groups are still rarely used for the construction of MOFs [17–20]. Therefore, in this work, we selected a polytopic pyridine carboxylic acid ligand, namely 4-[2,6-bis(pyridine-4-yl)pyridine-4-yl]benzoic acid (4-Hcptpy) (Scheme 1), which has three pyridine N donors and one carboxylate group which can be used as desired building blocks to synthesize new MOFs. Via the solvothermal reactions of 4-Hcptpy with Zn(II) ions or Cd(II) ions and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H₃btc), we successfully obtained two fresh coordination polymers, namely [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H₂O)]_n•n(DMF) (1) and [Cd₃(btc)₂(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H₂O)₃]_n (2) (DMF is N,N’-dimethylformamide, H₃btc is benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, and 4-Hcptpy is 4-[2,6-bis(pyridine-4-yl)pyridine-4-yl]benzoic acid). The created compounds’ luminescent performances were also explored at environmental temperature. After serial experiments, the anti-inflammatory activity of the compound on PIE was determined, and the specific mechanism of the new compound was explored as well. Finally, we draw this conclusion, compound 1 reveals much more outstanding application values on PIE than compound 2 through inhibiting the inflammatory response.

Materials and instrumentation

The raw solvents and the materials employed in our investigation were provided via the Jinan Camolai Trading Company with 98 percent chemical purity. Elemental analyses (EA) of C, H, and N analyses were performed on a Perkin-Elmer 240C elemental analyzer. The PXRD could be analyzed and then the data were measured using the powder diffractometer of PANalytical X'Pert Pro utilizing the Cu/Kα radiation (with λ of 1.54056 Å) with 0.05° step size. For the two compounds, their thermogravimetric analysis were carried out using the thermoanalyzer of NETSCHZ STA-449C under the atmosphere of N₂ with 10℃/min rate between 30 and 700℃. And the compounds’ fluorescence spectra data could be harvested with the Edinburgh Analytical instrument FLS920.

Synthesis of [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H₂O)]_n·n(DMF) (1) and [Cd₃(btc)₂(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H₂O)₃]_n (2)

The mixture formed by Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (0.05 mmol and 15 mg), 4-Hcptpy (0.1 mmol, 35 mg), 2 mL of DMF and 1 mL of H₂O were kept into a small glass bottle (10 mL) for 48 hours at 110℃ and then the product was cooled at 2 ℃/min declining rate to the room temperature. As a result, the 1’s colorless massive crystals could be separated in yield of 38 percent according to the Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (0.019 mmol, 10.5 mg). Anal. calcd. for C₂₆H₂₄N₄O₆Zn (553.86): N, 10.11%; C, 56.33% and H, 4.33%. Found: N, 10.08%; C, 56.28% and H, 4.37%.

The mixture created via Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O (0.1 mmol, 30 mg), H₃btc (0.024 g and 0.05 mmol), 4-Hcptpy (0.025 mmol, 9 mg), 2 mL of DMF and 1 mL of H₂O were maintained into a small glass bottle (10 mL) for 48 hours at 110℃ and then the product was cooled at 2 ℃/min declining rate to room temperature. Finally, the 2’s colorless massive crystals could be separated in 28 percent yield on the basis of the H₃btc (0.014 mmol, 17 mg). Anal. calcd. for C₄₃H₃₄Cd₃N₄O₁₈ (1231.92): N, 4.55%; C, 41.89% and H, 2.76%. Found: N, 4.5%2; C, 41.84% and H, 2.78%.

X-ray crystallography

The data of two compounds of single crystal has been harvested by the graphite–monochromated Mo–Kα radiation (with λ of 0.71073 Å) via employing the diffractometer of Xcalibur, Eos, Gemini controlled by computer at 293(2) K. Dual direct approach is applied to solve the compounds’ architecture utilizing the ShelxT, and then SHELXL-2014 is utilized to refine this structure via F² based full-matrix least squares method [21]. SADABS was employed to complete the absorption correction. The compounds’ data of crystallography and the optimization of structure were detailed and then calculated in the Table 1. The chose bond angles (º) and bond lengths (Å) of the two complexes are revealed in the Table S1. And the specific H-bond parameters for the complex 1 were reflected in the Table S2.

Table 1

Crystallographic data of compounds 1 and 2.
Sample	1	2
Formula	C₂₆H₂₄N₄O₆Zn	C₄₃H₃₄Cd₃N₄O₁₈
Fw	553.86	1231.92
Crystal system	monoclinic	monoclinic
Space group	P2₁/c	C2/c
a (Å)	7.1563(2)	23.3925(3)
b (Å)	26.6425(7)	31.7842(5)
c (Å)	12.9087(4)	16.9235(2)
α°	90	90
β°	106.018(4)	128.6460(10)
γ°	90	90
Volume (Å³)	2365.64(13)	9827.4(3)
Z	4	8
Density (calculated)	1.555	1.663
Abs. coeff. (mm^− 1)	1.887	10.953
Total reflections	7194	26821
Unique reflections	4228	10230
Goodness of fit on F²	1.061	1.069
Final R indices [I > 2sigma(I²)]	R = 0.0363, wR₂ = 0.0998	R = 0.0403, wR₂ = 0.1039
R (all data)	R = 0.0387, wR₂ = 0.1018	R = 0.0428, wR₂ = 0.1059
CCDC	2078345	2078346

Real time RT-PCR

The real time RT-PCR was performed in our research for the assessment of the NF-κb signaling pathway activation levels during the PIE after the treatment of compound. This research was carried out completely based on the instructions’ guidance with a little modification. In brief, 40 SD rats used in this study were obtained from Shanghai Southern Model Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Before the experiment, the cells were cultured in a condition of standard laboratory (i.e, the temperature range from 20 ℃ to 25℃ and 45 percent of humidity) with free water and free food. Then, the cataract surgery was conducted and the Staphylococcus epidermidis was used to induce the postoperative infection, compounds were given for indicated treatment (5mg/kg). After that, the cataract endothelial cells were isolated and in cells, the entire RNA could be extracted via exploiting the TRIZOL regent. After measuring the totsl RNA concentration, and it was subsequently reverse transcripted into the cDNA. Finally, the relative expression levels of the nf-κb and p53 was measured via exploiting the real time RT-PCR, with the gapdh was acted as an internal control gene.

ELISA detection assay

After the PIE animal construction and compound treatment, the ELISA detection kit was employed for the determination of the inflammatory cytokines content released after cataract surgery. This experiment was finished strictly in accordance with the protocols with only a little change. In short, the cataract surgery was conducted and the Staphylococcus epidermidis was used to induce the postoperative infection, compounds were given for indicated treatment (5mg/kg). Subsequently, the plasma was collected and the content of inflammatory cytokines released after cataract surgery was detected.

CCK-8 assay

To determine the inhibitory effect of the new compound on the viability of corneal endothelial cells, the CCK-8 assay was implemented in this present research. This experiment was conducted totally under the guidance of the instructions with only a little change. In brief, the corneal endothelial cells, in logical growth phage were harvested and then cultured into the 96 well plates at 10⁴ cells per well concentration, which was then cultured in an incubator at the condition of 37℃, 5%CO₂. Then, the new compound was added for the treatment with serial different concentrations. Subsequently, the cell culture medium was discarded and then fresh medium containing 10 µL the CCK-8 reagent was added with the into cells for the treatment. Ultimately, the absorbance of each well was measured by flow cytometry at 490mm at least three times. The results were represented as mean ± standard deviation.

Crystal structure of compound 1

The complex 1’s crystal structure was characterized through the structural research of X-ray, displaying that the 1 was crystallized in a space group P2₁/c of monoclinic system which has an asymmetric unit includes a coordinated anion of formate, a ligand of 4-cptpy⁻, a Zn(II) ions, a coordinate molecule of H₂O along with a lattice molecule of DMF. As reflected in the Fig. 1a, each of the Zn(II) ions is hexacoordinated, which is occured in the slightly distorted coordination surrounding of octahedron. The equatorial plane of this octahedron is defined via 2 N atoms (namely, N2b and N3) and 2 carboxylate oxygen atoms (O1a and O2a) in 3 diverse ligands of 4-cptpy⁻, and apical positions are taken over through 2 O donors (i.e, O3 and O1w) in a coordinated molecule of water and an anion of formate. The 4-Hcptpy ligand deprotonates into the 4-cptpy⁻ ligand, which utilizes as the tridentate ligand and it coordinates with 3 zinc (II) ions through 2 outer pyridyl groups and one chelating carboxylic acid group (Fig. S1a). The four aromatic rings of the 4-cptpy⁻ ligand in 1 are not coplanar. The bond lengths and bond angle parameters around Zn(II) are listed in Table S1. All of the Zn(II) ions are linked through the tridentate ligands of 4-cptpy⁻ into a two-dimensional layer containing the large hexagonal windows viewing along crystallographical a axis (Fig. 1b). Owing to the existence of large hexagonal windows in the layer, adjacent 2D are interpenetrated with each other, forming a 2D + 2D→2D interpenetrated layer motif (Fig. 1c). In this framework, the Zn(II) ions and the tridentate ligands of 4-cptpy⁻ were identified as three-linked nodes, hence, the above layer motif can be classified in topology into the three-linked 2-fold interpenetrated net of hcb with {6³} point symbol (Fig. S2) [22]. In the end, the interactions of H-bonding between the O atoms of the formate anions in neighboring interpenetrating bilayers and coordinated molecules of H₂O linked these two-dimensional layer motifs to construct a three-dimensional supramolecular skeleton (Fig. 1d). The lattice molecules of DMF are trapped in channels through the H-bonds between the O atoms and coordinated molecules of the DMF molecules. The parameters of H-bonding are displayed in the Table S2.

Crystal structure of compound 2

The structural study of X-ray suggested that the 2 is crystallized in the space group C2/c of monoclinic system and exhibits a 3D skeleton having (3,6)-linked topology. And its basic unit is composed of 3 separated Cd(II) ions, 2 ligands of btc³⁻, a ligand of 4-cptpyH, a coordinated molecule of DMF and 3 coordinated molecules of water. As displayed in the Fig. 2a, three crystallographically separated Cd(II) ions are in the 7-coordinated bipyramidal geometry of pentagon. The pentagonal bipyramid for Cd1 is defined by 5 carboxylic acid O atoms in 3 ligands of btc³⁻, a O atom from the molecule of DMF, along with a N atom come from the ligand of 4-cptpyH. For the Cd2 ion, it surrounded through 5 carboxylic acid O atoms originate from 3 ligands of btc³⁻, a O atom in the coordinated molecule of water, as well as a N atom derived from the ligand of 4-cptpyH. The Cd3O₇ polyhedron is constituted by 4 carboxylic acid O atoms in 2 ligands of btc³⁻, a carboxylate O atom come from a ligand of 4-cptpyH and 2 coordinated molecules of water. The bond lengths of Cd-N and Cd-O are ranged from 2.288(3) Å to 2.304(3) Å and from 2.286(6) Å to 2.552(3) Å, respectively, they are all in a normal range, according to the reported Cd(II)-based polymers [23]. Different from 1, the inner pyridyl group of 4-cptpy⁻ ligand is protonated, which also acts as a tridentate ligand linking to 3 Cd(II) ions through 2 outer pyridyl groups and one monodentate carboxyl group (Fig. S1b). Two separated ligands of btc³⁻ in crystallography employ the identical coordination manner: [µ₂-(µ₂-κ¹)-µ₂]-µ₄ (Fig. S1c). Cd1 and Cd2 are linked via 2 carboxylic acid groups into the dinuclear subunit of [Cd₂(COO)₂], and the length of Cd…Cd is 3.80 Å (Fig. S3). These dinuclear subunits of [Cd₂(COO)₂] and Cd3O7 polyhedrons are connected together via 4-cptpyH and btc³⁻ ligands, extending into the 3D skeleton (Fig. 2b). In the above three-dimensional skeleton, it can be observed that each dinuclear subunit of [Cd₂(COO)₂] is linked with four btc³⁻ ligands and two 4-cptpyH ligands, each 4-cptpyH ligand and btc³⁻ ligand connected with 2 dinuclear subunits of [Cd₂(COO)₂] and one Cd3O₇ polyhedron, and each Cd3O₇ polyhedron is surrounded by two btc³⁻ ligands and one 4-cptpyH ligand. Topologically speaking, the 4-cptpyH ligands, btc³⁻ ligands, Cd3O7 polyhedrons can be considered as three-linked nodes, and the dinuclear subunits of [Cd₂(COO)₂] can be identified as six-linked nodes, as a result, the 2’s entire skeleton reflects an unprecedented (3,6)-linked network of topology based on four different nodes and the point symbol is {4·6²}₂{4²·6⁴;8⁴·10⁵}{6·8²}₂ (Fig. 2c).

Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA)

The two compounds’ patterns of PXRD are reflected in the Fig.S4. Significantly, the patterns of experiment are in accordance with the patterns of simulation acquired by the data of single crystal diffraction, revealing the two compounds’ as-created samples are pure phase.

Furthermore, the research of TGA were also implemented to assess the compounds’ thermal stabilities and the results of TGA are illustrated in Fig. 3. For 1, the first 16.51% of weightlessness appeared ranging from 100 to 137 ℃, which is due to the loss of the coordinated molecules of DMF and water (with 16.45% calculated value), and the second weight loss from 300 to 372 ℃ was resulted from the organic ligand decomposition. The remaining residues correspond to the generation of ZnO (obsd: 14.52%, calcd: 14.62%). For 2, the first weight loss of 10.22% from 109 to 148 ℃ demonstrated that the coordinated molecules of DMF and water were fully removed (calcd: 10.32%), and the second weight loss from 309 to 409 ℃ was resulted from the organic ligands decomposition, leaving 31.22% residues equivalent to the generation of the CdO (calcd: 31.27%).

Photoluminescent properties of compounds 1–2

The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on the basis of the transition metal ions of d¹⁰ are the present study hotspot because of their applications in the chemical sensors, electroluminescent displays, along with the photochemistry [24, 25]. Herein, the two compounds’ (using the crystalline samples which were dried in the air for one day) associated organic ligands and luminescent performances were explored in the solid under environmental temperature (Fig. 3). It was observed that the free ligand of 4-H₄cptpy reflects the emission band with the maximum peak 386 nm upon 320 nm excitation, and at 319 nm, the ligand of H₃btc displays the emission peak with 290 nm excitation. For the free organic ligands, the emissions may be because the transitions of π*→n and/or π*→π in the ligand. When excited at 320 nm, the 1 possesses a strong emission band centered at 388 nm, which should be interpreted as intraligand luminescent emission because of the similar emission for the free 4-Hpctpy ligand [26]. With 360 nm excitation and at 442 nm, the 2 reveals an intense emission. Obviously, the emission peak of 2 is red-shifted via 123 nm, 56 nm, respectively, with respect to that of the free H₃btc and 4-Hcptpy ligands. The absence of ligand-based luminescence and significant red-shift emission indicate that the complex 2’s luminescence may be derived from charge transfer between the metal centers and organic ligands. Compared to that of the free ligands, the more intense luminescence of 1–2 may be resulted from the increased organic ligand conformational rigidity when coordinated with the central metal ions that can effectively decrease the nonradiative decay of intraligand excited states [27].

Compound could significantly reduce the activation levels of the NF-κb signaling pathway after cataract surgery

After the synthesis of compounds 1 and 2, their inhibitory activity on the NF-κb signaling pathway activation levels in cataract endothelial cells after cataract surgery. Thus, the real time RT-PCR was implemented in the work. As the data revealed in the Fig. 5, it can be observed that the model group has a much higher NF-κb signaling pathway activation level in the cataract endothelial cells, in comparison with control group, with P < 0.005. After the treatment of compound 1, the NF-κb signaling pathway activation levels after cataract surgery was remarkably down-regulated, but the 2 exhibited only minor effect on the NF-κb signaling pathway activation.

Compound obviously suppressed the content of inflammatory cytokines released after cataract surgery

In the above research, we have revealed that compound 1 has excellent application values on the NF-κb signaling pathway activation levels in cataract endothelial cells. Furthermore, the content of inflammatory cytokines regulated by the signaling pathway of NF-κb was measured. The results showed in Fig. 6 indicated that in model group, the NF-κb signaling pathway activation levels was much higher, in contrast to control group. In accordance with above data, the 1 was stronger than compound 2 on inhibiting the content of inflammatory cytokines released after cataract surgery.

Compound exhibited no cytotoxicity on the corneal endothelial cells

Though the above experiments, we have confirmed that compound 1 was much stronger than compound 2 on PIE treatment by reducing the activation levels of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the releasing of the inflammatory cytokines. For the clinical application of the new candidates, the cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 2 were further evaluated with CCK-8 assay. The data in Fig. 7 suggested, compared with the control group, both compounds 1 and 2 showed no inhibitory activity on the viability of corneal endothelial cells. In addition to this, the metal ions and ligands all showed no cytotoxicity on the viability of corneal endothelial cells.

In conclusion, two fresh coordination polymers, with the chemical formula of [Cd₃(btc)₂(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H₂O)₃]_n and [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H₂O)]_n•n(DMF) (1) have been produced in success with the conditions of solvothermal. The 1 is the 2-fold interpenetrated two-dimensional layer having three-linked topology of hcb, and the H-bonds in the molecular in-depth linked these two-dimensional layers into the three-dimensional supramolecular skeleton. While the 2 is a complicated three-dimensional skeleton and it can be classified into a (3,6)-linked network of topology on the basis of 4 distinct nodes. Furthermore, the two compounds reflect luminescence at room temperature, exhibiting that they can be applied as excellent backup materials for the photoactive materials. The real time RT-PCR data revealed that the 1 was more superior than the 2 on reducing the activation of NF-κb signaling pathway. Besides, the 1 could also evidently suppress the inflammatory cytokines releasing after cataract surgery, but not compound 2. Most importantly, both compounds 1 and 2 showed no toxicity on the corneal endothelial cells. In the end, we draw this conclusion, compound 1 was much more outstanding than compound 2 on PIE treatment through inhibiting the inflammatory response.

Conflicts of Interest

The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Data Availability

Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (^°) for compound 1 (Table S1), the hydrogen bonding parameters for compound 1 (Table S2), the coordination modes of the organic ligands (a) for compound 1 (b) and (c) for compound 2 (Fig. S1), the 2-fold interpenetrated hcb network for 1 (Fig. S2), the dinuclear [Cd₂(COO)₂] subunit in compound 2 (Fig. S3), the PXRD patterns (a) for compound 1 and (b) for compound 2 (Fig. S4), the information could be found in the supporting information file.

Acknowledgments

Not applicable.

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Assembly of Two New Coordination Polymers: Luminescent Properties and Anti-inflammatory Activity on Postoperative Infectious Endophthalmitis

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Experimental

Materials and instrumentation

Synthesis of [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H₂O)]_n·n(DMF) (1) and [Cd₃(btc)₂(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H₂O)₃]_n (2)

X-ray crystallography

Real time RT-PCR

ELISA detection assay

CCK-8 assay

Results And Discussion

Crystal structure of compound 1

Crystal structure of compound 2

Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA)

Photoluminescent properties of compounds 1–2

Compound could significantly reduce the activation levels of the NF-κb signaling pathway after cataract surgery

Compound obviously suppressed the content of inflammatory cytokines released after cataract surgery

Compound exhibited no cytotoxicity on the corneal endothelial cells

Conclusions

Declarations

References

Supplementary Files

Status:

Version 1

Assembly of Two New Coordination Polymers: Luminescent Properties and Anti-inflammatory Activity on Postoperative Infectious Endophthalmitis

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Introduction

Experimental

Materials and instrumentation

Synthesis of [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H2O)]n·n(DMF) (1) and [Cd3(btc)2(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H2O)3]n (2)

X-ray crystallography

Real time RT-PCR

ELISA detection assay

CCK-8 assay

Results And Discussion

Crystal structure of compound 1

Crystal structure of compound 2

Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA)

Photoluminescent properties of compounds 1–2

Compound could significantly reduce the activation levels of the NF-κb signaling pathway after cataract surgery

Compound obviously suppressed the content of inflammatory cytokines released after cataract surgery

Compound exhibited no cytotoxicity on the corneal endothelial cells

Conclusions

Declarations

References

Supplementary Files

Status:

Version 1

Synthesis of [Zn(4-cptpy)(HCOO)(H₂O)]_n·n(DMF) (1) and [Cd₃(btc)₂(4-cptpyH)(DMF)(H₂O)₃]_n (2)