See the published version of this preprint at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
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Research
Jose Ribamar Sousa Junior
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-6441
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Copernicia prunifera is a species native to the northeastern region of Brazil and is economically important as a source of income for many human populations in the region that carry out intense extractive activity on the species. C. prunifera belongs to the Arecaceae family and its production chain includes a set of economic activities based on the use of the stipe, petiole, fiber, fruits, roots and leaves from which carnauba wax is extracted, an economically valuable resource in the region. Our hypothesis was that people would perceive morphological diversity in carnaúba. In addition, we expected to find a correlation between socioeconomic variables and the number of leaves used. This study aimed to evaluate the uses, management, and perception of the species by local extractors.
Methods: Two communities were studied, Bem Quer, where 15 extractors were interviewed, and Cana, where 21 extractors considered specialists were interviewed, totaling a sample of 36 interviewees. Interviewees were asked questions about uses, ways of handling, and perception of morphological variation in the carnauba leaves. The number of leaves extracted and the income obtained from the sale of leaves was estimated from interviews and notes that each leader of extractors held during the year of the research and previous years, as well as direct observations made by researchers in the communities. A regression analysis was used to explore the relationships between social variables (age, time in extractive activity, and income obtained from extraction) with the number of leaves exploited. The relationship between time of extraction and time of residence in the community was also analyzed.
Results: The leaf was indicated as the most used part, from which an important powder is extracted for the production of wax. In addition, the leaf was also indicated for fertilization and construction. Uses were also indicated for the stem (construction) and fruit (forage). The relationship between the socioeconomic variables, income from extraction, and the number of leaves extracted (in thousands) was significant (R2 =0.73 and p<0.001). However, the other variables analyzed in this study, such as the time spent extracting leaves and the years of residence in the community (R2= 0.03 and p>0.05), the number of leaves extracted and interviewee age (R2= 0.05 and p>0.05), and number of leaves extracted and extraction time (R2 =0.04 and p>0.05) did not indicate a relationship.
Conclusion: C. prunifera is economically and culturally important for the studied communities. It is possible that the economic factor is the preponderant force that directs the management strategies of native species. Thus, human selection and traditional plant management may be the main mechanisms that lead wild plant populations to the incipient domestication process. For this species, however, morphological and genetic studies are needed for further clarification.
Keywords
Ethnobotany, Artificial Selection, Brazilian Savanna, Caatinga, Palm Wax
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View the published article at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
Version 2
Posted 12 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Review #1 received
Received 16 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 16 Jan, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 11 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 11 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 28 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 28 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 29 Sep, 2020
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 29 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Sep, 2020
First submitted
On 31 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Aug, 2020
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Subject Areas
Botany
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See the published version of this preprint at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Jose Ribamar Sousa Junior
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-6441
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
Version 2
Posted 12 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Review #1 received
Received 16 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 16 Jan, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 11 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 11 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 28 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 28 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 29 Sep, 2020
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 29 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Sep, 2020
First submitted
On 31 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Botany
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
Background: Copernicia prunifera is a species native to the northeastern region of Brazil and is economically important as a source of income for many human populations in the region that carry out intense extractive activity on the species. C. prunifera belongs to the Arecaceae family and its production chain includes a set of economic activities based on the use of the stipe, petiole, fiber, fruits, roots and leaves from which carnauba wax is extracted, an economically valuable resource in the region. Our hypothesis was that people would perceive morphological diversity in carnaúba. In addition, we expected to find a correlation between socioeconomic variables and the number of leaves used. This study aimed to evaluate the uses, management, and perception of the species by local extractors.
Methods: Two communities were studied, Bem Quer, where 15 extractors were interviewed, and Cana, where 21 extractors considered specialists were interviewed, totaling a sample of 36 interviewees. Interviewees were asked questions about uses, ways of handling, and perception of morphological variation in the carnauba leaves. The number of leaves extracted and the income obtained from the sale of leaves was estimated from interviews and notes that each leader of extractors held during the year of the research and previous years, as well as direct observations made by researchers in the communities. A regression analysis was used to explore the relationships between social variables (age, time in extractive activity, and income obtained from extraction) with the number of leaves exploited. The relationship between time of extraction and time of residence in the community was also analyzed.
Results: The leaf was indicated as the most used part, from which an important powder is extracted for the production of wax. In addition, the leaf was also indicated for fertilization and construction. Uses were also indicated for the stem (construction) and fruit (forage). The relationship between the socioeconomic variables, income from extraction, and the number of leaves extracted (in thousands) was significant (R2 =0.73 and p<0.001). However, the other variables analyzed in this study, such as the time spent extracting leaves and the years of residence in the community (R2= 0.03 and p>0.05), the number of leaves extracted and interviewee age (R2= 0.05 and p>0.05), and number of leaves extracted and extraction time (R2 =0.04 and p>0.05) did not indicate a relationship.
Conclusion: C. prunifera is economically and culturally important for the studied communities. It is possible that the economic factor is the preponderant force that directs the management strategies of native species. Thus, human selection and traditional plant management may be the main mechanisms that lead wild plant populations to the incipient domestication process. For this species, however, morphological and genetic studies are needed for further clarification.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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