See the published version of this preprint at BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
Research article
Zohreh Shahhosseini
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-2277
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Fear of childbirth is reported in 13% of fathers, and it may have adverse consequences for the health of fathers as well as their families. Due to the lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure fathers' fear of childbirth, this study was conducted to develop the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties.
Methods: This mixed method study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase (or item generation), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 expectant fathers, and a literature review was performed to generate the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale items pool. In the quantitative phase (or psychometric evaluation), reliability as well as face, content, and construct validity of this scale were evaluated. To establish construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and composite reliability measures.
Results: The primary version of Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale contained 32 items, which were reduced to 17 items while establishing construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors, namely fear of childbirth process (12 items) and fear of hospital (5 items). These factors explained 50.82% of the total variance. Goodness of fit indices within the confirmatory factor analysis was acceptable. Internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all the factors were greater than 0.70.
Conclusion: The Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale has a suitable validity and reliability for assessing fear of childbirth in fathers. It is a simple report instrument that can be easily implemented by health care professionals.
Keywords
Childbirth, Fathers, Fear, Tocophobia, Psychometric
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
Loading...
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
Version 2
Posted 10 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 11 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 27 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 11 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 26 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Learn more about our company.
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Zohreh Shahhosseini
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-2277
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
Version 2
Posted 10 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 11 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 27 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 11 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 28 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 26 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
Background: Fear of childbirth is reported in 13% of fathers, and it may have adverse consequences for the health of fathers as well as their families. Due to the lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure fathers' fear of childbirth, this study was conducted to develop the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties.
Methods: This mixed method study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase (or item generation), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 expectant fathers, and a literature review was performed to generate the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale items pool. In the quantitative phase (or psychometric evaluation), reliability as well as face, content, and construct validity of this scale were evaluated. To establish construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and composite reliability measures.
Results: The primary version of Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale contained 32 items, which were reduced to 17 items while establishing construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors, namely fear of childbirth process (12 items) and fear of hospital (5 items). These factors explained 50.82% of the total variance. Goodness of fit indices within the confirmatory factor analysis was acceptable. Internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all the factors were greater than 0.70.
Conclusion: The Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale has a suitable validity and reliability for assessing fear of childbirth in fathers. It is a simple report instrument that can be easily implemented by health care professionals.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
Loading...