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Background
The global emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has seen the dominance of specific clones in different regions around the world with the PVL-positive ST93-IV as the predominant CA-MRSA clone in Australia. In this study we applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach on a collection of Australian ST93-IV MRSA genomes to identify genetic traits that may have assisted the ongoing transmission of ST93-IV in Australia. We also compared the genomes of ST93-IV bacteraemia and non-bacteraemia isolates to identify potential virulence factors associated with bacteraemia.
Results
Based on single nucleotide polymorphism phylogenetics we identified two distinct ST93-IV clades circulating concurrently in Australia. One of the clades contained isolates primarily isolated in the northern regions of Australia whilst isolates in the second clade were distributed across the country. Analyses of the ST93-IV genome plasticity over a 15-year period (2002-2017) revealed an observed gain in accessory genes amongst the clone’s population. The GWAS analysis on the bacteraemia identified two genes that have also previously been associated to this kind of infection.
Conclusions
The emergence of a ST93-IV clade containing additional virulence genes may explain the high prevalence of ST93-IV infections amongst the indigenous population living in the northern regions of Australia. In summary, this study has shown ST93-IV is evolving with multiple additional genes possibly contributing to its dominance in the Australian community.
Keywords
Staphylococcus aureus, GWAS, bacteraemia, phylogenomics, Australia
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
The most recent version of this article is available here.
No community comments so far
Review #3 received
Received 23 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 23 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 02 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 01 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 01 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Nov, 2020
Version 1
Posted 04 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 27 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 25 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Epigenetics & Genomics
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A new preprint design is coming!
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Genomics. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
The most recent version of this article is available here.
No community comments so far
Review #3 received
Received 23 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 23 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 02 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 01 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 01 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Nov, 2020
Version 1
Posted 04 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 27 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Aug, 2020
First submitted
On 25 Aug, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Epigenetics & Genomics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
The most recent version of this article is available here.
Background
The global emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has seen the dominance of specific clones in different regions around the world with the PVL-positive ST93-IV as the predominant CA-MRSA clone in Australia. In this study we applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach on a collection of Australian ST93-IV MRSA genomes to identify genetic traits that may have assisted the ongoing transmission of ST93-IV in Australia. We also compared the genomes of ST93-IV bacteraemia and non-bacteraemia isolates to identify potential virulence factors associated with bacteraemia.
Results
Based on single nucleotide polymorphism phylogenetics we identified two distinct ST93-IV clades circulating concurrently in Australia. One of the clades contained isolates primarily isolated in the northern regions of Australia whilst isolates in the second clade were distributed across the country. Analyses of the ST93-IV genome plasticity over a 15-year period (2002-2017) revealed an observed gain in accessory genes amongst the clone’s population. The GWAS analysis on the bacteraemia identified two genes that have also previously been associated to this kind of infection.
Conclusions
The emergence of a ST93-IV clade containing additional virulence genes may explain the high prevalence of ST93-IV infections amongst the indigenous population living in the northern regions of Australia. In summary, this study has shown ST93-IV is evolving with multiple additional genes possibly contributing to its dominance in the Australian community.
Figure 1
Figure 2
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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