Study on the Evaluation of Ecological Compensation Effect for Environmental Pollution Loss from Energy Consumption: Taking Nanjing MV Industrial Park as an Example


 In order to explore the effective method of the ecological compensation effect evaluation (ECEE) of the environmental pollution loss (EPS) in the industrial parks, based on the literature review and the current situation analysis, this paper selected four kinds of 26 evaluation indicators to build the evaluation indicators system. The spatial niche suitability model (SNSM) is reconstructed after analysis and improvement. Then, taking Nanjing MV Industrial Park as an example, SNSM and related research data were used to perform an application test of ecological compensation effect evaluation. The evaluation results showed that although the ecological compensation effect of the Nanjing MV industrial park's environmental pollution loss showed an upward trend in 2011–2018, the upward situation showed an imbalance. The effect of ecological environment compensation input status and ecological environment pollution status is significantly lagging behind. They are still the focus of future work of Nanjing MV Industrial Park. The research proved that the niche suitability model's evaluation results conform to Nanjing MV Industrial Park's actual situation. This paper's research results provide an effective quantitative analysis method for the management of ecological compensation effects in industrial parks and the improvement of ecological compensation effects.


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The development of China's industrial parks not only promotes the rapid economic growth, but also 24 produces environmental pollution to a certain extent. The evaluation of ecological compensation effect of 25 environmental pollution loss has been raised, and gradually becomes a major problem that needs to be 26 solved (Han et al, 2019). For a long time, the problem of ecological compensation for environmental 27 pollution loss in China's industrial parks has not been paid enough attention to, so the environmental 28 pollution level of industrial parks has been kept at a high level. The deepening of environmental pollution 29 will have a significant impact on the compensation effect of environmental pollution loss, ecological 30 environment quality and sustainable development of industrial parks (Wang et al., 2019). Meanwhile, the 31 deepening of environmental pollution will also pose a threat to people's living environment, quality of life, 32 health and even life to some extent (Yang et al., 2019). Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to 33 study the evaluation method and application of ecological compensation for environmental pollution loss 34 in industrial parks. 35 Overseas research on ecological compensation effect evaluation started early. In 1910, American 36 scholar Johnson first proposed the concept of niche. In the early 1920s, Gri-nell first proposed and used 37 the niche method in 1924. Charles Elton developed the niche method in 1927, which is mainly used to 38 analyze ecological conditions (Barry et al., 1980). In the late 1970s, the concept of "service of nature" was 39 first put forward by theorists, advocating that environmental polluters should make economic 40 compensation for ecological damage (Westman et al., 1997). In the mid-1980s, the nomadic pastoralist 41 areas in the western United States had a certain degree of damage to the ecosystem due to energy extraction 42 and utilization, so ecological compensation effect evaluation and its application began to be studied 43 (Coughenour et al., 1985)；In the early 1990s, the NOAA emergency valuation team conducted an 44 assessment study on the environmental pollution and its pollution losses in American ocean and 45 atmosphere, constructed an evaluation model, and reached valuable evaluation conclusions (Arrow et al., 46 1993). Since then, the research on the charging effect of ecological service system has been 47 comprehensively developed, and the ecological compensation system has gradually become a 48 development trend in the future (Müller, 1997). Kelly (2007)  should be fully considered (Ola et al., 2019). It can be seen that the evaluation of ecological compensation 59 effect in foreign countries is earlier than that in China, and a relatively systematic system of theories and 60 methods has been formed. 61 The Chinese scholars' research on the evaluation of ecological compensation effect began in the early 62 21st century, more than 20 years later than that of developed countries. Most of the studies were based on 63 the research results and experience of overseas countries, and the theories and methods of the ecological 64 compensation effect of environmental pollution loss suitable for China's national conditions are in urgent 65 need of research (Xu and Li, 2015). In China, Deng et al. (2001) first proposed that ecological 66 evaluation indicators, the comprehensive evaluation indicators system of ecological compensation effect for 111 the environmental pollution treatment in industrial parks is set up in Table 1. 112 The above four types of indicators constitute a comprehensive evaluation indicators system of ECEE 116 of energy consumption pollution treatment in Nanjing MV Industrial Park. The indicators of economic 117 effect reflect the status of the impact of environmental pollution loss ecological compensation on the 118 economic effect. Environmental pollution treatment and ecological compensation do not affect the 119 economic effect is the basic requirement, so that this paper selected indicators of per capita gross output 120 value and return on equity; Energy consumption intensity is the ratio of energy consumption to the total 121 industrial output value of the same caliber. It is an contrary indicator and strives to reduce energy 122 consumption without reducing the total industrial output value; the proportion of fiscal investment in 123 ecological environment compensation refers to the proportion of fiscal funds in the total investment for 124 ecological restoration and environmental pollution treatment of the industrial park; investment intensity of 125 ecological restoration refers to the required amount of investment in restoration or improvement of 126 ecological quality per square kilometer in an industrial park; "IEPT / total output value" refers to the ratio 127 of the total investment in environmental pollution treatment of the park in the fiscal year to the total 128 industrial output value in the same period; indicators of ecological compensation reflects the ecological 129 quality status of the industrial park, and ecological environment index is the ratio of the ecological index 130 during the reporting period to the same index in a fixed period. This article used the average value of the 131 land ecological index, water ecological index, and air ecological index to measure ecological 132 environmental status, and the data is from the results calculated by the park management committee; the 133 environmental greening rate is the ratio of the green area in the park to the total area; the standard rate of 134 ecological compensation refers to the ratio of the amount of ecological compensation (or the number of 135 projects that meet the standard) to the total ecological compensation standard (the total number of 136 ecological compensation projects); the ecology landscape index refers to the ratio of the current value of 137 the main landscape index to the value of the previous period. The average value of the landscape diversity 138 index, landscape richness index, landscape evenness index, landscape aggregation index and landscape 139 naturalness index in the evaluation is used to measure ecology landscape status; the rate of resource 140 compensation compliance refers to the ratio of the total amount of funds that have been compensated for 141 main resource consumption or pollution in the park to the total amount of compensation that should be 142 restoration. The standard rate of IWW treatment and the standard rate of IWG emission treatment are the 158 degrees to which the corresponding pollution index reaches the required standard; the comprehensive 159 utilization rate of ISW refers to the ratio of the solid waste discharged by industrial production that can be 160 fully utilized and generate value to the total discharge; the domestic waste treatment rate refers to the ratio 161 of the waste discharged by the employees in the park and reach the degree of pollution-free through 162 treatment; the domestic wastewater treatment rate refers to the ratio of the wastewater discharged by the 163 employees in the park and reaches the degree of pollution-free through treatment; the comprehensive index 164 of EPT refers to the weighted average of the air pollution index, water pollution index and land pollution 165 index of the park, and the data is from the results calculated by the industrial park.  Table 2. 178

Definition of evaluation standard 181
The Chinese government has formulated relevant laws and regulations on environmental pollution,  Table 3. 191  (1) 217 According to the theory of ecology, niche suitability interval is (0, 1). The greater the value, the higher 218 the degree to which ecological factors meet ecological needs (Basille et al., 2008). The optimum value of 219 ecological factors is denoted as: In the formula = 1/( − + 1) , If 2 is the second-order weakening buffer operator, then the 261 second-order buffer sequence of the actual value of ecological factor can be expressed as: 262 After the second-order buffer calculation of ecological factors, the data become more stable. In order 264 to effectively evaluate the effect of ecological compensation, it is necessary to conduct dimensionless 265 processing on the static data of ecological factors, and the value range of the data after processing is 266 between [0,1] (Yousefi and Ng, 2017). The dimensionless calculation formula is as follows: 267 In the above equation 1, 2, , ; 1, 2, , ; 1, 2, , 5 i mt nk = = =  : k is the grading symbol in Table   269 3. ′ represents the dimensionless value of the ith evaluation factor in the t year; represents the 270 original value of ith evaluation indicator in the t year; represents ith evaluation factor and the 271 maximum value of k, when the evaluation indicator is a positive indicator, the levelⅠis the maximum value. 272 When the evaluation indicator is a contrary indicator, the levelⅤ is the maximum value. When the 273 maximum value tends to infinity, the lower boundary value of the maximum interval is taken. When the 274 positive indicator is larger than the lower boundary, the value range is 1, and when the contrary indicator 275 is larger than the lower boundary, the value range is zero. If the optimal suitability of the evaluation 276 indicators is α ′ , there are: 277 On the basis of dimensionless processing, the null transformation is carried out according to the results 279 of dimensionless processing. The absolute null transformation uses the following formula: 280 The comprehensive evaluation model of spatial niche suitability is the weighted average of the 282 absolute niche suitability model and relative niche suitability model. In the actual construction of the 283 evaluation model, the method and application of determining absolute and relative niche suitability model 284 can be studied according to the specific requirements of the comprehensive evaluation. In order to construct 285 a comprehensive evaluation model of spatial niche suitability, the absolute niche suitability measurement 286 model is first constructed. The specific model expression is as follows: 287 Then, using the processing data after the second-order weakening buffer zone and the results of 290 dimensionless processing, the relative niche suitability measurement model is constructed. The calculation 291 formula of the relative null transformation for evaluation indicators is as follows: 292 In order to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of spatial niche suitability, a relative niche 294 suitability measurement model needs to be constructed. The specific model of relative niche is as follows: 295 In the above formula, if α is used to represent the comprehensive evaluation model of spatial niche 298 suitability, there are: 299 Where, θ (0 ≤ θ ≤ 1) is the weighting coefficient, and considering that the importance of the 301 absolute niche suitability and the relative niche suitability are the same, the value of θ is taken as 0.5.

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When the value of θ is less than 0.5 and tends to 0, the value of spatial niche suitability tends to relative 303 niche suitability. When the value of θ is greater than 0.5 and tends to 1, the value of spatial niche 304 suitability tends to absolute niche suitability. 305

Second-order buffer calculation of evaluation indicators 307
The purpose of buffer calculation is to improve the stability of the evaluation indicators. For the basic data 308 in Table 1, the second-order buffer correction formulas (5) and (6) of evaluation indicators were used for buffer 309 calculation to eliminate the large fluctuation in the original data, which can make the data more stable and 310 improve the effectiveness of the comprehensive evaluation results of the ecological compensation for 311 environmental pollution loss in Nanjing MV Industrial Park. According to the above research design, the 312 second-order buffer calculation is carried out for the comprehensive evaluation indicators by using the buffer 313 calculation model, and the specific buffer calculation results are shown in Table 4. 314

Dimensionless processing of evaluation indicators 316
Dimensionless refers to the behavior or process of removing part or all of the dimensionality of the 317 physical quantity of the comprehensive evaluation indicators by selecting appropriate variables instead. processing. In the normalization process, the maximum value and the minimum value of the evaluation 326 indicators are used for calculation. See Table 5 for the calculation results. 327 In order to improve the evaluation effect, the dimensionless maximum value is selected according to 329 the maximum value in Table 3. The lower boundary value is selected when the maximum value tends to 330 infinity; the value range of the positive pointer greater than such standard is 1, and the value range of the 331 contrary indicator greater than such standard is 0. 332

Null transformation of evaluation indicators 333
(1) Absolute null transformation calculation. Absolute null transformation processing refers to the use 334 of the difference method to determine the zero base of the first row, that is, the data of each row of all 335 evaluation indicators minus the base data of the first row, so that the difference of the first row is zero, and 336 the calculation of correlation coefficient is started from zero, and the method of generalized relational grade 337 of gray theory is used to calculate the correlation degree of the evaluation indicators to the evaluation 338 objects. The specific calculation results are shown in Table 6. 339 Table 6 The results of absolute null transformation for the ECEE indicators of energy consumption pollution treatment in Nanjing MV Industrial Park  (2) Relative null transformation calculation. Relative null transformation processing refers to the use 341 of the ratio method to determine the zero base of the first row, that is, the ratio of the data in each row of 342 all evaluation indicators to the first row is used, and the ratio minus 1 is used as the calculation result; the 343 data in the first row is zero. The specific calculation results are shown in Table 7. 344

Evaluation results of ecological compensation effect of environmental pollution loss 346
The comprehensive evaluation of the ecological compensation effect of environmental pollution loss 347 in Nanjing MV Industrial Park is divided into two layers: criterion layer and target layer. According to the 348 above research design, the following is the application analysis for the two layers of comprehensive  Table 8 for details. 354   Table 9. 359 360    Change trend and interrelation chart of evaluation results of different evaluation models