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Original article
Saisubramanian Nagarajan
Shanmugha Arts Science Technology and Research Academy School of Civil Engineering
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-3763
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for curtailing infections caused by multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The objective of the present study is to evaluate phage populations from water bodies to inhibit planktonic and biofilm mode of growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and curtail planktonic growth in vivo in a zebrafish model. Phage specific to K. pneumoniae (MTCC 432) was isolated from Ganges river (designated as KpG). One-step growth curve, in vitro time kill curve study and in vivo infection model were performed to evaluate the efficacy of phage to curtail planktonic growth. Crystal violet assay and colony biofilm assay was done to determine the action of phages on biofilms. KpG phages had a greater burst size, better bactericidal potential and enhanced inhibitory effect against biofilms formed at liquid air and solid air interfaces. In vivo injection of KpG phages revealed that it did not pose any toxicity to zebrafish as evidenced by liver/brain enzyme profiles and by histopathological analysis. In vitro time kill assay showed a 3 log decline and a 6 log decline in K. pneumoniae colony counts, when phages were administered individually and in combination with streptomycin, respectively. The muscle tissue of zebrafish, infected with K. pneumoniae and treated with KpG phages showed a significant 2 log decline in bacterial counts relative to untreated control. Our study reveals that KpG phages has the potential to curtail plantonic and biofilm mode of growth in vivo in higher animal models.
Keywords
Bacteriophage, Klebsiella spp, Phage therapy, Ganges river
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at AMB Express.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 08 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 06 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 06 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 06 Jan, 2021
Version 2
Posted 29 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 01 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 09 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Sep, 2020
First submitted
On 01 Sep, 2020
Metrics
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Subject Areas
Bacteriology
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at AMB Express.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Original article
Saisubramanian Nagarajan
Shanmugha Arts Science Technology and Research Academy School of Civil Engineering
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-3763
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at AMB Express.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 08 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 06 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 06 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 06 Jan, 2021
Version 2
Posted 29 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 01 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 09 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Sep, 2020
First submitted
On 01 Sep, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Bacteriology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at AMB Express.
Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for curtailing infections caused by multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The objective of the present study is to evaluate phage populations from water bodies to inhibit planktonic and biofilm mode of growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and curtail planktonic growth in vivo in a zebrafish model. Phage specific to K. pneumoniae (MTCC 432) was isolated from Ganges river (designated as KpG). One-step growth curve, in vitro time kill curve study and in vivo infection model were performed to evaluate the efficacy of phage to curtail planktonic growth. Crystal violet assay and colony biofilm assay was done to determine the action of phages on biofilms. KpG phages had a greater burst size, better bactericidal potential and enhanced inhibitory effect against biofilms formed at liquid air and solid air interfaces. In vivo injection of KpG phages revealed that it did not pose any toxicity to zebrafish as evidenced by liver/brain enzyme profiles and by histopathological analysis. In vitro time kill assay showed a 3 log decline and a 6 log decline in K. pneumoniae colony counts, when phages were administered individually and in combination with streptomycin, respectively. The muscle tissue of zebrafish, infected with K. pneumoniae and treated with KpG phages showed a significant 2 log decline in bacterial counts relative to untreated control. Our study reveals that KpG phages has the potential to curtail plantonic and biofilm mode of growth in vivo in higher animal models.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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