Job Satisfaction and Its Associated Factors Among Governmental Health Workers in West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

25 Background : Job satisfaction is an important determinant of workers' motivation, retention, 26 and performance. Each individual working in different segments of the health sector has an 27 impact on the quality and accessibility of the services the health care system provides to the 28 community. Many studies assessed health care workers' job satisfaction. However, the majority 29 of previous studies focused on specific health professionals and facilities. The present study 30 assessed job satisfaction and its associated factors among governmental health workers in West 31 Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia 32 Methods : An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in West Shoa, Oromia 33 Regional State, Ethiopia, from March 23/2020 to April 15/2020. A total of 429 health workers 34 were identified from type A, B, and C districts. Participants were proportionally allocated for 35 each district and the individual participant was selected using simple random sampling methods. 36 Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and entered into EpiInfo 7. 37 Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software. Mean and/or median were used for 38 continuous variables, whereas; the percentage was used for categorical variables. Bivariate 39 logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between each independent variable 40 and outcome variable. Multivariate binary logistic regression using adjusted odds ratios and 95% 41 confidence intervals were estimated to assess the strength of association. 42 Results : From the total of 429 study participants, 422 of them were fully responded to the 43 survey with a response rate of 98.3%. The overall level of job satisfaction was 46%. 44 Management. The policy of worker [AOR 95% the 45 relationship among the workers [AOR of benefit [AOR 46 0.07, (95% CI work (95% CI: 0. 04-.31], personal growth and 47 development 0.11 CI: 0.04-.33], supportive supervision from immediate supervisor 48 [AOR 0.04 the of work presence of benefit package, work conditioning, personal growth, and development, supportive 53 supervision from immediate supervisor and the nature of work category were among the 54 predictor of job satisfaction.


77
Job satisfaction is defined as the degree to which individuals feel positive or negative about their 78 jobs [1]. Health care systems can only function with health workers. Improving health service 79 coverage and realizing the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is 80 dependent on their availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of health care 81 professionals. It is not only the availability, but also equitably distribution and accessibility by 82 the population, possession of the required competency, motivation, and empowerment to deliver 83 quality care that is appropriate and acceptable to the population is among the other factors 84 required for effective and efficient delivery of health care [2]. However, countries at all levels of 85 socioeconomic development face, to varying degrees, difficulties in the education, deployment, 86 retention, and performance of their workforce [3]. 87 Job satisfaction among health-care professionals acquires significance for maximization of 88 human resource potential and it is an important determinant of health staff's motivation, 89 retention, and performance [1]. Despite a high disease burden in most African countries, the 90 provision of healthcare services is largely inadequate and ineffective. Possible reasons include 91 challenges related to leadership and governance, health workforce, medical products, 92 technologies, financing, and services delivery [4]. The shortage of health care workers in 93 particular is a major cause for concern among other factors. Inadequate human resources are a 94 major constraint to improving global health. The health sector is characterized by a high turnover 95 coupled with internal as well as external brain drain. For instance, a study conducted in 96 Tanzania, Malawi, and South Africa showed that 18.8% of health workers in Tanzania, 26.5% in 97 Malawi, and 41.4% in South Africa indicated that they were actively seeking employment 98 elsewhere [3]. 99 Job satisfaction is affected by many factors and varies from country to country.

123
There is a variation in factors affecting job satisfaction of health care workers based on the level 124 of health facility and location. Therefore, the present study assessed the level of job satisfaction 125 of health care workers working in the primary health care system west Shoa.

134
The study was conducted in West Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, from March 23/2020 135 to April 15/2020. West Shoa Zone is one of the 22 zones of Oromia Regional State. Ambo, the 136 capital of the zone, is located 114km west of Addis Ababa. The total estimated population of the

144
An institutional-based cross-sectional design was used.

146
The sample size was determined by using single population proportion formula.  Districts in West Shoa Zone were stratified into type A, type B, and type C districts by Oromia West Shoa health facility category group of greater than 30 years respondents 56% of them were dissatisfied with their current job.

267
The highest proportion of the study participants were dissatisfied with the absence of benefit  Respondents whose ages below 25 years were 1.89 times greater (COR 1.89 CI of 95% 10.8-32) 284 were satisfied than health workers whose ages were 30 and above. The nature of the is also associated with workers' satisfaction. work who were not attracted by 305 the nature of the work was 95% less satisfied with their job than those who said there is attractive 306 nature of work [AOR 0.05, 95% CI .02-.12]. (Table 2). Sex, profession, type of district, and 307 place of work were not associated with the satisfaction of health workers in the study area.

Supplementary Files
This is a list of supplementary les associated with this preprint. Click to download. S1JOBSATISFACTIONQUESTIONNAIRE.docx S1JOBSATISFACTIONQUESTIONNAIRE.docx