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Research article
Association of Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Adult Height With Cognitive Capacity Among Older Adults in India and China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Y Selvamani
International Institute for Population Sciences
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-9127
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Cognitive ability is an important measure of intrinsic capacity. In this study, we examine the association of life course socioeconomic status (SES) and height on cognitive functioning among older adults aged 50 and above for the two middle-income countries of India and China. We further assess the age pattern of cognitive decline with measures of life course socioeconomic status.
Methods
Cross-sectional comparative analysis was conducted using the WHO’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) data for India and China. Multilevel mixed-effect regression analysis was used to predict the association of life course socioeconomic status, height with cognitive functioning.
Results
In India and China, better childhood socioeconomic status measured as parental education is positively associated with cognitive functioning. The association between adult socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning was positive and highly significant. Height was significantly associated with improved cognitive functioning for India and China. Furthermore, the age-related cognitive decline was faster among older adults whose parents had no schooling, particularly the association between mother’s education and cognitive functioning is stronger in China. The cognitive decline is much faster among less-educated older adults than those with 10+ years of schooling in China. Wealthier older adults in India had higher cognitive functioning in middle age, however, wealth differences narrowed in older ages, suggesting the convergence of cognitive functioning by economic status at older ages.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest a significant long-term impact of childhood conditions on later-life cognitive functioning in middle-income settings.
Keywords
Life-course, socioeconomic status, Height, Cognition, WHO-SAGE, Ageing
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 16 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 16 Dec, 2020
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On 29 Nov, 2020
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Received 29 Nov, 2020
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Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Nov, 2020
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On 22 Nov, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
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Editorial decision: Revise before sending to peer reviewers
On 17 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Nov, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 24 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 15 Oct, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Sep, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 04 Sep, 2020
This version was not preprinted
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Geriatrics & Gerontology
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Geriatrics. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Association of Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Adult Height With Cognitive Capacity Among Older Adults in India and China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Y Selvamani
International Institute for Population Sciences
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-9127
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version (no preprint)
Posted 16 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 16 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Nov, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 17 Nov, 2020
Editorial decision: Revise before sending to peer reviewers
On 17 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Nov, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 24 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 15 Oct, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Sep, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 04 Sep, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Geriatrics & Gerontology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Cognitive ability is an important measure of intrinsic capacity. In this study, we examine the association of life course socioeconomic status (SES) and height on cognitive functioning among older adults aged 50 and above for the two middle-income countries of India and China. We further assess the age pattern of cognitive decline with measures of life course socioeconomic status.
Methods
Cross-sectional comparative analysis was conducted using the WHO’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) data for India and China. Multilevel mixed-effect regression analysis was used to predict the association of life course socioeconomic status, height with cognitive functioning.
Results
In India and China, better childhood socioeconomic status measured as parental education is positively associated with cognitive functioning. The association between adult socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning was positive and highly significant. Height was significantly associated with improved cognitive functioning for India and China. Furthermore, the age-related cognitive decline was faster among older adults whose parents had no schooling, particularly the association between mother’s education and cognitive functioning is stronger in China. The cognitive decline is much faster among less-educated older adults than those with 10+ years of schooling in China. Wealthier older adults in India had higher cognitive functioning in middle age, however, wealth differences narrowed in older ages, suggesting the convergence of cognitive functioning by economic status at older ages.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest a significant long-term impact of childhood conditions on later-life cognitive functioning in middle-income settings.
Figure 1
Figure 2