Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study population
Group
|
All (962)
|
Boys (468)
|
Girls (494)
|
p
|
Age (years)
|
13.3 ± 1.0
|
13.3 ± 1.0
|
13.4 ± 1.0
|
0.166
|
FPG (mg/dl)
|
92.7 ± 6.7
|
93.8 ± 6.4
|
91.8 ± 6.8
|
<0.001
|
BMI (Kg/m2)
|
21.0 ± 3.9
|
21.6 ± 4.2
|
20.4 ± 3.4
|
<0.001
|
WC (cm)
|
76.4 ± 9.8
|
78.7 ± 10.8
|
74.3 ± 8.2
|
<0.001
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
114.8 ± 13.7
|
118.2 ± 14.2
|
111.6 ± 12.4
|
<0.001
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
69.7 ± 10.0
|
69.3 ± 10.6
|
70.0 ± 9.4
|
0.291
|
HDL-C (mg/dl)
|
49.7 ± 11.5
|
47.5 ± 11.3
|
51.8 ± 11.2
|
<0.001
|
TG (mg/dl)
|
71.2 ± 35.0
|
70.9 ± 38.9
|
71.6 ± 31.8
|
0.112
|
Uric acid (mg/dl)
|
5.98 ± 0.05
|
6.68 ± 0.06
|
5.23 ± 0.04
|
<0.001
|
Table 2. GCKR Alleles and abnormal uric acid frequencies in Taiwanese children
|
NUA n (%)
|
HUA n (%)
|
p value
|
Boys
|
|
|
|
GCKRrs1260326
|
|
|
0.102
|
C
|
286(48.0%)
|
147(42.5%)
|
|
T
|
310(52.0%)
|
199(57.5%)
|
|
GCKRrs780094
|
|
|
0.063
|
C
|
302(50.5%)
|
153(44.2%)
|
|
T
|
296(49.5%)
|
193(55.8%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Girls
|
|
|
|
GCKRrs1260326
|
|
|
0.028*
|
C
|
418(51.0%)
|
70(41.7%)
|
|
T
|
402(49.0%)
|
98(58.3%)
|
|
GCKRrs780094
|
|
|
0.034*
|
C
|
431(52.4%)
|
73(43.5%)
|
|
T
|
391(47.6%)
|
95(56.5%)
|
|
NUA: normal UA; HUA: hyperuricemia
*Statistically significant differences, p < 0.05
Table 3. GCKR genotypes and abnormal uric acid frequencies in Taiwanese children
|
NUA n (%)
|
HUA n (%)
|
p value
|
Boys
|
|
|
|
GCKRrs1260326
|
|
|
0.188
|
CC
|
62(20.8%)
|
25(14.5%)
|
|
CT
|
162(54.4%)
|
97(56.1%)
|
|
TT
|
74(24.8%)
|
51(29.5%)
|
|
GCKRrs780094
|
|
|
0.13
|
CC
|
66(22.1%)
|
27(15.6%)
|
|
CT
|
170(56.9%)
|
99(57.2%)
|
|
TT
|
63(21.1%)
|
47(27.2%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Girls
|
|
|
|
GCKRrs1260326
|
|
|
0.088
|
CC
|
110(26.8%)
|
16(19.0%)
|
|
CT
|
198(48.3%)
|
38(45.2%)
|
|
TT
|
102(24.9%)
|
30(35.7%)
|
|
GCKRrs780094
|
|
|
0.112
|
CC
|
116(28.2%)
|
16(19.0%)
|
|
CT
|
199(48.4%)
|
41(48.8%)
|
|
TT
|
96(23.4%)
|
27(32.1%)
|
|
NUA: normal UA; HUA: hyperuricemia
Table 4. Logistic regression analyses of abnormal uric acid in Taiwanese children by GCKR gene genotypes (rs1260326、rs780094)
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Boys
|
|
|
GCKRrs1260326
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
CT vs. CC
|
1.48 (0.88 to 2.52)
|
1.40 (0.79 to 2.48)
|
TT vs. CC
|
1.71 (0.95 to 3.07)
|
1.56 (0.82 to 2.98)
|
TT vs (CC+ CT)
|
1.27 (0.83 to 1.92)
|
1.21 (0.76 to 1.93)
|
(CT +TT) vs CC
|
1.56 (0.94 to 2.58)
|
1.45 (0.84 to 2.51)
|
GCKRrs780094
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
CT vs. CC
|
1.42 (0.85 to 2.37)
|
1.34 (0.77 to 2.32)
|
TT vs. CC
|
1.82 (1.02 to 3.28) *
|
1.65 (0.87 to 3.14)
|
TT vs (CC+ CT)
|
1.40 (0.90 to 2.16)
|
1.33 (0.82 to 2.15)
|
(CT +TT) vs CC
|
1.53 (0.94 to 2.51)
|
1.42 (0.83 to 2.42)
|
Girls
|
|
|
GCKRrs1260326
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
CT vs. CC
|
1.32 (0.70 to 2.47)
|
1.47 (0.74 to 2.91)
|
TT vs. CC
|
2.02 (1.04 to 3.93) *
|
2.29 (1.11 to 4.73) *
|
TT vs (CC+ CT)
|
1.68 (1.02 to 2.76) *
|
1.75 (1.02 to 3.00) *
|
(CT +TT) vs CC
|
1.56 (0.87 to 2.80)
|
1.74 (0.92 to 3.30)
|
GCKRrs780094
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
CT vs. CC
|
1.49 (0.80 to 2.78)
|
1.70 (0.87 to 3.32)
|
TT vs. CC
|
2.04 (1.04 to 4.00) *
|
2.28 (1.09 to 4.75) *
|
TT vs (CC+ CT)
|
1.55 (0.93 to 2.59)
|
1.58 (0.91 to 2.74)
|
(CT +TT) vs CC
|
1.67 (0.93 to 3.00)
|
1.88 (0.99 to 3.56)
|
Model 1: univariate analysis, Model 2: adjusted for age, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval
*Statistically significant differences