This paper examines the urban challenges, urban policies, sustainable urbanism, and opportunities of sustainable urbanism. Sustainable urbanism is a new term that prevails in urban planning and planning. This paper tries to put forth the need for sustainable urban development in Indian cities such as Delhi and Rajkot. Urbanization in India has led to an unsustainable situation. It offers the proven benefits of economic growth and development, but it also offers brings with it social and ecological challenges. Various challenges related to sustainability, spatial planning, Governance, shortcomings, and execution were discussed in this paper. Specific research questions are: what is sustainable urbanism, what are the challenges to cities such as Delhi and Rajkot, and what are the opportunities of sustainable urbanism in Delhi and Rajkot? People face many challenges that threaten the well-being of the environment, society, and quality of life. All of these challenges are complex and closely related, so one approach can have positive consequences for others. In the case of Delhi, the population growth is an extremely sensitive issue from a social and ethical point of view, has generally become a threat to the entire planet and especially to the metropolitan area, while in the case of Rajkot, increasing industrial, commercial and commercial activities has become threatening to the environment. In this study, I have also explored solutions and other issues that are important elements to discuss.