1.Kayambu G, Boots R, Paratz J. Physical therapy for the critically ill in the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(6):1543–54.
2.Gosselink R, Clerckx B, Robbeets C, Vanhullebusch T, Vanpee G, Segers J. Physiotherapy in the intensive care unit. Neth J Crit Care. 2011;15(2):66–75.
3.Chiang L-L, Wang L-Y, Wu C-P, Wu H-D, Wu Y-T. Effects of Physical Training on Functional Status in Patients With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. Phys Ther. 2006;86(9):1271–81.
4.Burtin C, Clerckx B, Robbeets C, Ferdinande P, Langer D, Troosters T, et al. Early exercise in critically ill patients enhances short-term functional recovery. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(9):2499–505.
5.Malkoç M, Karadibak D, Yldrm Y. The effect of physiotherapy on ventilatory dependency and the length of stay in an intensive care unit. Int J Rehabil Res. 2009;32(1):85–8.
6.Adler J, Malone D. Early mobilization in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2012;23(1):5.
7.Skinner EH, Haines KJ, Berney S, Warrillow S, Harrold M, Denehy L. Usual care physiotherapy during acute hospitalization in subjects admitted to the ICU: an observational cohort study. Respir Care. 2015;60(10):1476–85.
8.Kumar JA, Maiya AG, Pereira D. Role of physiotherapists in intensive care units of India: A multicenter survey. 2007.
9.Tadyanemhandu C, Manie S. Profile of patients and physiotherapy patterns in intensive care units in public hospitals in Zimbabwe: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2015;15(1):136.
10.Ministry of Health(MOH). Annual report of Ministry of Health. 2017.
11.Onsman A. Dismantling the perceived barriers to the implementation of national higher education accreditation guidelines in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J High Educ Pol Manag. 2010;32(5):511–9.
12.THERAPY WCFP. WCPT COUNTRY PROFILE 2018, December.
13.Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: towards an evidence-based practice. Chest. 2000;118(6):1801–13.
14.Hodgin KE, Nordon-Craft A, McFann KK, Mealer ML, Moss M. Physical therapy utilization in intensive care units: results from a national survey. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(2):561.
15.Ciesla ND. Chest physical therapy for patients in the intensive care unit. Phys Ther. 1996;76(6):609–25.
16.Gosselink R, Bott J, Johnson M, Dean E, Nava S, Norrenberg M, et al. Physiotherapy for adult patients with critical illness: recommendations of the European Respiratory Society and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Task Force on Physiotherapy for Critically Ill Patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(7):1188–99.
17.Pattanshetty RB. Effect Of Multimodality Chest Physiotherapy On The Rate Of Recovery And Prevention Of Complications In Patients With Mechanical Ventilation A Prospective Study In Medical And Surgical Intensive Care Units. 2011.
18.Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: an updated systematic review. Chest. 2013;144(3):825–47.
19.Jolley SE, Moss M, Needham DM, Caldwell E, Morris PE, Miller RR, et al. Point Prevalence Study of Mobilization Practices for Acute Respiratory Failure Patients in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(2):205–15.
20.Norrenberg M, Vincent J-L. A profile of European intensive care unit physiotherapists. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26(7):988–94.
21.van der Lee L, Hill AM, Patman S. A survey of clinicians regarding respiratory physiotherapy intervention for intubated and mechanically ventilated patients with community-acquired pneumonia. What is current practice in Australian ICUs? J Eval Clin Pract. 2017;23(4):812–20.
22.Chaboyer W, Gass E, Foster M. Patterns of chest physiotherapy in Australian Intensive Care Units. J Crit Care. 2004;19(3):145–51.
23.Jones AYM, Hutchinson RC, Oh TE. Chest physiotherapy practice in intensive care units in Australia, the UK and Hong Kong. Physiother Theory Pract. 1992;8(1):39–47.
24.Baidya S, Acharya RS, Coppieters MW. Physiotherapy practice patterns in Intensive Care Units of Nepal: A multicenter survey. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2016;20(2):84–90.
25.Bhat A, Chakravarthy K, Rao BK. Chest physiotherapy techniques in neurological intensive care units of India: A survey. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18(6):363–8.
26.Berney S, Denehy L, Pretto J. Head-down tilt and manual hyperinflation enhance sputum clearance in patients who are intubated and ventilated. Aust J Physiother. 2004;50(1):9–14.
27.Ahmed F, Shafeeq AM, Moiz JA, Geelani MA. Manual hyperinflation - PEEP to recruit and rapid release for clearance of airway secretions. Heart Lung. 2011;40(3):271–2.
28.Thomas PJ, Paratz JD, Stanton WR, Deans R, Lipman J. Positioning practices for ventilated intensive care patients: current practice, indications and contraindications. Aust Crit Care. 2006;19(4):122–32.
29.Hamric AB, Blackhall LJ. Nurse-physician perspectives on the care of dying patients in intensive care units: collaboration, moral distress, and ethical climate. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(2):422–9.
30.Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ, Esbrook CL, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2009;373(9678):1874–82.
31.Perme C, Chandrashekar R. Early mobility and walking program for patients in intensive care units: creating a standard of care. Am J Crit Care. 2009;18(3):212–21.
32.Parry SM, Berney S, Granger CL, Koopman R, El-Ansary D, Denehy L. Electrical muscle stimulation in the intensive care setting: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(10):2406–18.
33.Maffiuletti NA, Roig M, Karatzanos E, Nanas S. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for preventing skeletal-muscle weakness and wasting in critically ill patients: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2013;11(1):137.
34.Leditschke IA, Green M, Irvine J, Bissett B, Mitchell IA. What are the barriers to mobilizing intensive care patients? Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2012;23(1):26.
35.Eakin MN, Ugbah L, Arnautovic T, Parker AM, Needham DM. Implementing and sustaining an early rehabilitation program in a medical intensive care unit: a qualitative analysis. J Crit Care. 2015;30(4):698–704.