Study
(year)
|
Country
|
Design
|
No. of patients
|
Type of patients
|
Median age
(range) years
|
Gender
(% women)
|
Frailty assessment
|
Study period
|
Prevalence of frailty
|
Covariates
|
Neurosurgical outcomes
|
Adams
[18]
2013
|
America
|
Retrospective study
|
6727
|
Inpatients who underwent operations
|
54.7
|
49.7%
|
mFI
|
The NSQIP participant use files for the period 2005 through2010
|
49.7%
|
Age, ASA, wound classification
|
Mortality, postoperative complications
|
Asemota
[19]
2019
|
America
|
Retrospective study
|
115317
|
Pituitary tumors or disorders who had undergone transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
|
57.14 ± 16.96(frail)VS 51.91 ± 15.88(non-frail)
|
50.9%
|
JHACG
|
The 2000~2014 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample
|
1.48%
|
Age, sex, insurance type, median income quartile, race, hospital and surgery metrics
|
Mortality, postoperative complications, discharge dispositions, LOS, hospitalization costs,
|
Bonney
[20]
2021
|
America
|
Retrospective study
|
87835
|
Patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumors
|
≥ 65:57%(frail) VS 45.1%(non-frail)
|
53.0%
|
JHACG
|
The Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010~2014
|
8.2%
|
Age, gender, insurance, and median income of the home zip code.
|
Mortality, In-hospital complications, discharge disposition, hospital readmission, LOS
|
Cloney
[21]
2016
|
Columbia
|
Retrospective study
|
243
|
Geriatric patients who underwent resection of glioblastoma, including reoperation for recurrent disease.
|
73.1±5.5
|
None
|
mFI
|
Columbia University Medical Center New York Presbyterian Hospital from 2000 to 2012
|
19.3%
|
Age, KPS, Charlson comorbidity score, cardiac risk
|
Postoperative complications, LOS
|
Harland
[22]
2020
|
America
|
Prospective study
|
260
|
patients≥18 years old scheduled for elective resection of tumor
|
56.1(frail) VS 50.6(non-frail)
|
53%(frail) VS 41%(non-frail)
|
HFS
|
The University of Colorado over a 3-year period (October 2014 to August 2017).
|
25.4%
|
Age, race, sex, height, weight, body mass index, medical comorbidities, surgical procedure, site and side of brain tumor, brain tumor diagnosis, perioperative seizure, estimated blood loss from surgery.
|
Postoperative complications, discharge disposition, LOS
|
Huq
[23]
2021
|
America
|
Retrospective cohort study
|
1692
|
Brain tumor patients who underwent
primary surgery
|
55.5
|
52%
|
mFI-5
|
At a single institution between January 1,2017 and December 31, 2018.
|
57%
|
Age, sex, race, ethnicity, ASA classification, diagnosis
|
Complications, 30-d readmissions, LOS, hospitalization costs,
|
Khalafallah
[24]
2020
|
America
|
Retrospective cohort study
|
1692
|
Adult patients who were operated on for brain tumors
|
55.49 ± 15.22
|
52.3%
|
mFI-5
|
At a single institution between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018
|
None
|
Age, race, ethnicity, sex, marital status
|
90-day postoperative mortality
|
Pitts
[25]
2019
|
America
|
Retrospective cross-sectional study
|
410
|
Patients presenting to an academic hospital following a surgical procedure for a head and neck cancer diagnosis
|
61.9 ±10.5
|
26%
|
mFI
|
Between January
2014 and December 2017
|
42.2%
|
Age, sex, race, BMI, oncologic stage, surgery
type, smoking history, alcohol use
|
Mortality, perioperative complications, discharge disposition, 30-day readmission, LOS,
|
Sastry
[26]
2020
|
America
|
Retrospective cohort study
|
20,333
|
Adult patients undergoing elective cranial surgery for tumor
|
54.85 ± 12.11
|
55.76%
|
mFI-5
|
2012-2018 NSQIP Participant Use File
|
41.3%
|
Age, gender, BMI, ASA classification, smoking status, dyspnea, significant pre-operative weight loss, chronic steroid use, bleeding disorder, tumor type, and operative time
|
30-day mortality, post-operative complication, discharge disposition, 30-day readmission
|
Shahrestani1[27]
2020
|
America
|
Retrospective cohort study
|
746
|
Patients undergoing microscopic or endoscopic resection of a Pituitary adenomas
|
63.7(frail) VS 63.5(non-frail)
|
41.6%VS 38.3%
|
JHACG
|
The 2016 and 2017 National Readmission Database
|
None
|
Age and sex
|
Complications and Readmission (30-day,90-day, 180-day), LOS, hospitalization costs
|
Shahrestani2[28]
2020
|
America
|
Retrospective cohort study
|
13342
|
Geriatric patients receiving cranial neurosurgery for a primary CNS neoplasm
|
73.7 ± 6.2
|
45.2%
|
JHACG
|
Between 2010 and 2017 by using the Nationwide Readmission Database
|
50.3%
|
Age, sex, CCI, and 10-year survival
|
Mortality, perioperative complications, discharge disposition, readmission, LOS, hospitalization costs
|
Theriault
[29]
2020
|
America
|
Single-center retrospective cohort study
|
76
|
Patients who underwent intracranial meningioma resection
|
55.8±15.3
|
72.6%
|
mFI
|
At Westchester Medical Center in Valhalla between August 2012 and May 2018
|
55.3%
|
Age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and tumor size (largest diameter in centimeters)
|
Readmission, discharge disposition, LOS
|
Youngerman
[30]
2018
|
America
|
Retrospective cohort study
|
9149
|
Patients who underwent neurosurgical procedures for intracranial neoplasms
|
< 45: 22.6%
45–54:20.8%
55–64:26.5%
≥ 65:30.1%
|
52.9%
|
mFI
|
2008-2012 NSQIP Participant Use File
|
48.5%
|
Surgery category, pathology category,age, ASA class, sex, race, BMI, tobacco use, bleeding disorders, hemiplegia, ventilator dependence, sepsis, albumin level, weight loss, transfusion, corticosteroid use, chemotherapy in the past month, radiotherapy in the past 90 days, and emergency status of the case
|
30-day mortality, 30-day
severe medical complications, 30-day severe neurologic complications, 30-day any complication, unfavorable disposition, LOS,
|
mFI=Modified Frailty Index; mFI-5=5-factor Modified Frailty Index; JHACG=The Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups; HFS=The Hop-kins Frailty Score; NSQIP=National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists; LOS=Lengths of Hospital Stay; KPS=Karnofsky Performance Status; BMI=Body Mass Index; CCI=Charlson Comorbidity Index; CNS=Central Nervous systemmFI=Modified Frailty Index; mFI-5=5-factor Modified Frailty Index; JHACG=The Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups; HFS=The Hop-kins Frailty Score; NSQIP=National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists; LOS=Lengths of Hospital Stay; KPS=Karnofsky Performance Status; BMI=Body Mass Index; CCI=Charlson Comorbidity Index; CNS=Central Nervous system |