Al Atrouni, Ahmad, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Monzer Hamze, and Marie Kempf. “Reservoirs of Non-Baumannii acinetobacter Species.” Frontiers in Microbiology 7 (2016): 49. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00049.
Amal, Mohammad Noor Azmai, Mohd Zamri Saad, Abdullah Siti Zahrah, and Abd Rashid Zulkafli. “Water Quality Influences The Presence of Streptococcus agalactiae in Cage Cultured Red Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus.” Aquaculture Research 46, no. 2 (2015): 313–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12180.
Anil, M K and Santhosh, B and Jasmine, S and Saleela, K N and George, Rani Mary and Kingsly, H
Jose and Unnikrishnan, C and Rao, A Hanumantha and Rao, G Syda. “Growth Performance of The Seabass Lates calcarifer (Blotch) in Sea Cage at Vizhinjam Bay Along the South-West Coast of India”. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 57 (4), (2010): pp. 65-69.
Assefa, Ayalew, and Fufa Abunna. “Maintenance of Fish Health in Aquaculture: Review of Epidemiological Approaches for Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Fish.” Edited by William Ravis. Veterinary Medicine International 2018 ( 2018): 5432497. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5432497.
Beims, H, A Overmann, M Fulde, M Steinert, and S Bergmann. “Isolation of Staphylococcus sciuri from Horse Skin Infection.” Open Veterinary Journal 6, no. 3 (2016): 242–46. https://doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v6i3.14.
Bumadian, Mohamed. “Detection and Enumeration of Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water at Hospital of Benghazi, Libya”. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 1(6):436-440., October 2013.
Chakraborty, Suman Bhusan, Debasis Mazumdar, and Samir Banerjee. “Determination of Ideal Stocking Density for Cage Culture of Monosex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in India.” Proceedings of the Zoological Society 63, no. 1 (2010): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-010-0007-3.
Chitmanat, Chanagun, Phimphakan Lebel, Niwooti Whangchai, Jongkon Promya, and Louis Lebel. “Tilapia Diseases and Management in River-Based Cage Aquaculture in Northern Thailand.” Journal of Applied Aquaculture 28, no. 1 (2016): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2015.1104950.
Chow, AW, MJ Gribble, and KH Bartlett. “Characterization of the Hemolytic Activity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology 17, no. 3 (1983): 524—528. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.17.3.524-528.1983.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk
Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria. 3rd ed. (2015): CLSI
guideline M45. Wayne, PA.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Testing. 27th ed. CLSI supplement M100 (ISBN 1-56238-804-5 [Print]; ISBN 1.
(2017): 56238-805-3 [Electronic]). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley
Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087 USA.
Conte, F.S. “Stress and the Welfare of Cultured Fish.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 86, no. 3 (2004): 205–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.02.003.
Das, A., B. K. Behera, S. Acharya, P. Paria, H. J. Chakraborty, P. K. Parida, and B. K. Das. “Genetic Diversity and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index Study of Bacterial Pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Diseased Indian Major Carps.” Folia Microbiologica 64, no. 6 (2019): 875–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-019-00701-7.
Di, Jun, Shuhuan Zhang, Jun Huang, Hao Du, Yong Zhou, Qiong Zhou, and Qiwei Wei. “Isolation and Identification of Pathogens Causing Haemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cultured Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis).” Aquaculture Research 49, no. 11 (2018): 3624–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13830.
Duarte, Letícia N., Francisco J. R. C. Coelho, Vanessa Oliveira, Daniel F. R. Cleary, Patrícia Martins, and Newton C. M. Gomes. “Characterization of Bacterioplankton Communities from a Hatchery Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) for Juvenile Sole (Solea senegalensis) Production.” PLOS ONE 14, no. 1 (2019): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211209.
Dincer, S., & Yigittekin, E. S. “Spreading of Antibiotic Resistance with Wastewater. In Biological
Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery.” Intech Open Limited. (2017). doi:
10.5772/66188.
Ehling-Schulz, Monika, Didier Lereclus, and Theresa M Koehler. “The Bacillus cereus Group: Bacillus Species with Pathogenic Potential.” Microbiology Spectrum 7, no. 3 (2019): 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0032–2018. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0032-2018.
Farhaduzzaman, A.M, Md Hanif, Suzan Khan, Mahadi Osman, Md Neamul, Hasan Shovon, Md Rahman, and Shahida Ahmed. “Perfect Stocking Density Ensures Best Production and Economic Returns in Floating Cage Aquaculture System.” Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development 11 (2020): 607. https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9546.20.10.607.
G, Marcel, Y M, Siti A, and Benjamin Emikpe. “Water Condition and Identification of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria from Red Tilapia Reared in Cage-Cultured System in Two Different Water Bodies in Malaysia.” African Journal of Microbiology Research 7 (2013): 5330–37. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.1468.
Gorlach-Lira, K., Pacheco, C., Carvalho, L.C.T., MeloJúnior, H.N., Crispim, M.C., “The influence of fish Culture in Floating Net Cages on Microbial Indicators of Water Quality.” Brazilian Journal of Biology [online]. (2013): v. 73, n. 3, pp. 457-463. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842013000300001.
Hassan, Karl A., Annette Fagerlund, Liam D. H. Elbourne, Aniko Vörös, Jasmin K. Kroeger, Roger Simm, Nicolas J. Tourasse, et al. “The Putative Drug Efflux Systems of the Bacillus cereus Group.” PLOS ONE 12, no. 5 (2017): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176188.
Ina-Salwany, M. Y., Nurhidayu Al-saari, Aslah Mohamad, Fathin-Amirah Mursidi, Aslizah Mohd-Aris, M. N. A. Amal, Hisae Kasai, Sayaka Mino, Tomoo Sawabe, and M. Zamri-Saad. “Vibriosis in Fish: A Review on Disease Development and Prevention.” Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 31, no. 1 (2019): 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10045.
Jackie Reynolds, , Kirby-Bauer (Antibiotic Sensitivity), Richland College, (2019). Available at:
(https://bio.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Microbiology_Labs_I/093A_Kirby-Bauer_(Antibiotic_Sensitivity). (Accessed on July 2019).
Jamie Bartram and Gareth Rees, (2000). Monitoring Bathing Waters - A Practical Guide to the Design
and Implementation of Assessments and Monitoring Programmes: ISBN 0-419-24390-1.
Available at: (www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/bathing/monbathwat.pdf). (Accessed: 1st
May 2018).
Ismail, Nurul Izzatul Aliya, Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal, Shamarina Shohaimi, Mohd Zamri Saad, and
Siti Zahrah Abdullah. “Associations of Water Quality and Bacteria Presence in Cage Cultured
Red Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus.” Aquaculture Reports 4 (2016):
57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2016.06.004.
Kong, Cin, Hui-min Neoh, and Sheila Nathan. “Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: A Potential
Form of Anti-Virulence Therapy.” Toxins 8, no. 3 (2016): 72.
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8030072.
LeBel, Marc. “Ciprofloxacin: Chemistry, Mechanism of Action, Resistance, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Trials, and Adverse Reactions.” Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 8, no. 1 (1988): 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1988.tb04058.x.
López Nadal, Adrià, David Peggs, Geert F. Wiegertjes, and Sylvia Brugman. “Exposure to Antibiotics
Affects Saponin Immersion-Induced Immune Stimulation and Shift in Microbial Composition in
Zebrafish Larvae.” Frontiers in Microbiology 9 (2018): 2588.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02588.
Miller, Ron A., Heather Harbottle, Frank Møller Aarestrup, Stefan Schwarz, Jianzhong Shen, and Lina Cavaco. “Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Fish Pathogens.” Microbiology Spectrum 6, no. 1 (2018): 6.1.07. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0017-2017.
Mishra, Anshuman, Gyu-Hwi Nam, Jeong-An Gim, Hee-Eun Lee, Ara Jo, and Heui-Soo Kim. “Current Challenges of Streptococcus Infection and Effective Molecular, Cellular, and Environmental Control Methods in Aquaculture.” Molecules and Cells 41, no. 6 (2018): 495–505. https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2018.2154.
Mishra, Meerambika, Ananta P. Arukha, Amiya K. Patel, Niranjan Behera, Tapan K. Mohanta, and Dhananjay Yadav. “Multi-Drug Resistant Coliform: Water Sanitary Standards and Health Hazards.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 9 (2018): 311. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00311.
Musharrafieh, Rami, Luca Tacchi, Joshua Trujeque, Scott LaPatra, and Irene Salinas. “Staphylococcus warneri, a Resident Skin Commensal of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Pathobiont Characteristics.” Veterinary Microbiology 169, no. 1–2 (2014): 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.12.012.
Nagasawa, K. and E. R. Cruz-Lacierda (eds.). “Diseases of Cultured Groupers.” Southeast Asian
Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines. 2004: 81 p.
NCCLS., Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for
Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard—Second Edition. NCCLS document M31
A2 (ISBN 1-56238), (2002).
Nelson, Kara L, Alexandria B Boehm, Robert J Davies-Colley, Michael C Dodd, Tamar Kohn, Karl G Linden, Yuanyuan Liu, et al. “Sunlight-Mediated Inactivation of Health-Relevant Microorganisms in Water: A Review of Mechanisms and Modeling Approaches.” Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts 20, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 1089–1122. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8em00047f.
Noor, N. M., S. K. Das, Z. C. Cob, and M. A. Ghaffar. “Effects of Salinities and Diets on Growth of Juvenile Hybrid Grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and E. lanceolattus.” Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 18 (2018): 1045–51.
Othman, Faridah, Md.SadekUddin Chowdhury, and Nobumitsu Sakai. “Assessment of Microorganism Pollution of Selangor River, Malaysia.” International Conference on Agricultural, Ecological and Medical Sciences (AEMS-2015), (2015). https://doi.org/10.15242/IJAAEE.C0215147.
Pękala-Safińska, Agnieszka. “Contemporary Threats of Bacterial Infections in Freshwater Fish.” Journal of Veterinary Research 62, no. 3 (2018): 261–67. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0037.
Pincus, David, (2014). “Microbial Identification Using The Biomerieux VITEK ® 2 System.”
J. Encyclopedia of Rapid Microbiological Methods. (2014). 2.
Public Health England, (2017), Inoculation of Culture Media for Bacteriology. UK standards for
microbiology investigations (SMI). Q 5 Issue 2. Available
at:(https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/smi-q-5-inoculation-of-culture media-for-bacteriology). (Accessed: 20th June 2018).
Scarano, Christian, Carlo Spanu, Graziella Ziino, Francesca Pedonese, Alessandra Dalmasso, Vincenzo Spanu, Salvatore Virdis, and Enrico De Santis. “Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio Species Isolated from Sparus aurata Reared in Italian Mariculture.” The New Microbiologica: Official Journal of the Italian Society for Medical Virology (SIVIM) 37 (June 2014): 329–37.
Stamou, Aikaterini, Charalampos Pavlopoulos, Stefanos Roumeliotis, Efthymios Samoladas, Ippokratis Xatzokos, and Konstantina Kontopoulou. “Nonunion Humerous Fracture Infection Caused by Rhizobium radiobacter in a 24-Year-Old Healthy Patient: A Rare Case Report.” Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2018 (2018): 8627165–8627165. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8627165.
Sultan, Insha, Safikur Rahman, Arif Tasleem Jan, Mohammad Tahir Siddiqui, Aftab Hossain Mondal, and Qazi Mohd Rizwanul Haq. “Antibiotics, Resistome and Resistance Mechanisms: A Bacterial Perspective.” Frontiers in Microbiology 9 (2018): 2066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02066.
Suratman, Suhaimi, A Hussein, Norhayati Mohd Tahir, Mohd Talib Latif, Roslanzairi Mostapa, and K Weston. “Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Selected Surface Water Quality Parameters in Setiu Wetland, Terengganu, Malaysia.” Sains Malaysiana 45 (2016): 551–58.
Wang, Wei, Jing Sun, Cenjie Liu, and Zhuang Xue. “Application of Immunostimulants in Aquaculture: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.” Aquaculture Research 48, no. 1 (2017): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13161.
Wang, Yanfeng, Liang Chi, Qinghua Liu, Yongshuang Xiao, Daoyuan Ma, Zhizhong Xiao, Shihong Xu, and Jun Li. “Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth and Immunity of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Reared in Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS).” Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 37, no. 1 (2019): 350–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-7350-7.
Wang, Yaping, Aoyun Li, Xiong Jiang, Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Lihong Zhang, Jinhuan Jiang, Muhammad Waqas, Mujahid Iqbal, and Jiakui Li. “Probiotic Potential of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Yaks.” Frontiers in Microbiology 9 (2018): 2987. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02987.
Wang, Yi-Wei, Jian Zhu, Xian-ping Ge, Sheng-Ming Sun, Yan-Li Su, Bing Li, Yi-Ran Hou, and Ming-Chun Ren. “Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Antioxidant Resistance, and Intestinal Microflora of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Juveniles.” Aquaculture Research 50, no. 1 (2019): 236–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13889.
WHO:Multiple Tube Method for Thermotolerant (Faecal Coliform). Available at:
(https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/water-quality/small-community
management/2edvol3i.pdf?ua=1). (Accessed; 18th June 2018).
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), (2018). OIE Annual report on the use of antimicrobial
agents in animals. Available at: (http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Our_scientific_expertise/docs/pdf/AMR/Annual_ReportMR_3.pdf).
Zamri-Saad, M., Amal, M.N.A., Siti-Zahrah, A., Zulkafli, A.R., “Control and Prevention of Streptococcosis in Cultured Tilapia in Malaysia: a review.” Pertanika J. Trop. Agric Sci. 37:(4), (2014):389–410.
Zhang, Xiaoting, Liguo Ding, Yongyao Yu, Weiguang Kong, Yaxing Yin, Zhenyu Huang, Xuezhen Zhang, and Zhen Xu. “The Change of Teleost Skin Commensal Microbiota Is Associated with Skin Mucosal Transcriptomic Responses during Parasitic Infection by Ichthyophthirius multifillis.” Frontiers in Immunology 9 (2018): 2972. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02972.