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Short report
Wenjun Liu
Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-7091
License:
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Background: Humans are the primary hosts of the dengue virus; However, sylvatic cycles of transmission can occur among non-human primates and human encroachment to forested regions can be a source of emergence of new strains. We reported the isolation of a highly divergent and sylvatic DENV-2 strain (QML22) from a dengue fever patient returning Australia from Borneo. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vector competence of Australian Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for this virus.
Methods: Four-day old mosquitoes from two strains of Ae. aegypti from Queensland, Australia, were feed sheep blood meal containing 108 50% cell culture infectious dose per ml (CCID50/ml) of either QML22 or an Australian epidemic DENV serotype 2 strain (QML16) isolated from a dengue fever patient in 2015. Mosquitoes were maintained at 28°C, 75% relative humidity and sampled at 7, 10 and 14 days post-infection (DPI). Live virions in mosquito bodies (abdomen/thorax), legs and wings and saliva expectorates from individual mosquitoes were quantified using a Cell Culture Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay (CCELISA) to determine infection, dissemination and transmission rates.
Findings: The infection and dissemination rates of the sylvatic DENV2 strain, QML22, within mosquitoes were significantly lower than that for QML16. While the titres of virus in the bodies of mosquitoes infected with either of these viruses were similar, titres in legs and wings were significantly lower in mosquitoes infected with QML22 at most time points although they reached similar levels by 14 DPI. QML16 was detected in 16% (n = 25) and 28% (n = 25) of saliva expectorates at 10 and 14 DPI, respectively. In contrast, no virus was detected in the saliva expectorates of QML22 infected mosquitoes.
Conclusions: Australia urban/peri-urban Ae.aegypti species are susceptible to infection by the sylvatic and highly divergent DENV-2 virus QML22. However, our results indicate that replication of QML22 is attenuated relative to the contemporary strain QML16 and/or a salivary gland infection or escape barrier acts to prevent infection of saliva, potentially preventing onward transmission of this highly divergent virus in Australia.
Keywords
Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, Dengue virus, sylvatic transmission, vector competence
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Accept but needs final editing
On 27 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 14 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 11 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Feb, 2020
Version 1
Posted 06 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 06 Feb, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 26 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 15 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Dec, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 03 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 02 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 02 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 02 Dec, 2019
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Subject Areas
Parasitology
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at Parasites & Vectors.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Short report
Wenjun Liu
Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-7091
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Accept but needs final editing
On 27 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 14 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 11 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Feb, 2020
Version 1
Posted 06 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 06 Feb, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 26 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 15 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Dec, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 03 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 02 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 02 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 02 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Parasitology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
Background: Humans are the primary hosts of the dengue virus; However, sylvatic cycles of transmission can occur among non-human primates and human encroachment to forested regions can be a source of emergence of new strains. We reported the isolation of a highly divergent and sylvatic DENV-2 strain (QML22) from a dengue fever patient returning Australia from Borneo. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vector competence of Australian Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for this virus.
Methods: Four-day old mosquitoes from two strains of Ae. aegypti from Queensland, Australia, were feed sheep blood meal containing 108 50% cell culture infectious dose per ml (CCID50/ml) of either QML22 or an Australian epidemic DENV serotype 2 strain (QML16) isolated from a dengue fever patient in 2015. Mosquitoes were maintained at 28°C, 75% relative humidity and sampled at 7, 10 and 14 days post-infection (DPI). Live virions in mosquito bodies (abdomen/thorax), legs and wings and saliva expectorates from individual mosquitoes were quantified using a Cell Culture Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay (CCELISA) to determine infection, dissemination and transmission rates.
Findings: The infection and dissemination rates of the sylvatic DENV2 strain, QML22, within mosquitoes were significantly lower than that for QML16. While the titres of virus in the bodies of mosquitoes infected with either of these viruses were similar, titres in legs and wings were significantly lower in mosquitoes infected with QML22 at most time points although they reached similar levels by 14 DPI. QML16 was detected in 16% (n = 25) and 28% (n = 25) of saliva expectorates at 10 and 14 DPI, respectively. In contrast, no virus was detected in the saliva expectorates of QML22 infected mosquitoes.
Conclusions: Australia urban/peri-urban Ae.aegypti species are susceptible to infection by the sylvatic and highly divergent DENV-2 virus QML22. However, our results indicate that replication of QML22 is attenuated relative to the contemporary strain QML16 and/or a salivary gland infection or escape barrier acts to prevent infection of saliva, potentially preventing onward transmission of this highly divergent virus in Australia.
Figure 1
Figure 2
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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