New Unknown Sars-Cov-2 Virus Variants and Hidden Pandemics Within Them in Developing Countries

It is not known whether one or a combination of different mutations will alter the viral clinical and epidemiological manifestations, transmissibility, virulence, or ecacy of the vaccine. Transmission of the new variant by asymptomatic carriers is also unknown. Vaccines or antiviral agents have not yet induced the pressure of the mutation; however, other mutations are anticipated after global vaccination and after the introduction of proven therapies. Thus, a willingness to rapidly emerge new options is prudent. Less virulent but highly heritable variants can also be expected, which may contribute to herd immunity. There is a need to develop clinical and rapid laboratory tests to monitor vaccinated individuals for secondary infection potentially caused by the new variant. Importantly, restrictive countermeasures, spatial distancing, personal hygiene, travel bans, and facial disguises remain relevant in the ght against the virus.


Introduction
Covid-19 has crippled humanity over the past year, with all quarantines, deaths and isolation. However, with the advent of new vaccines like Oxford AstraZeneca, Moderna, P zer etc., there is hope that this horror will be over. However, all viruses develop over time as the virus copies or replicates itself; sometimes, it changes slightly, which is typical for a virus. These alterations are called "mutations." A virus with one or more new mutations is called a "variation" of the novel virus. When a virus circulates widely in a population and causes multiple infections, the chance of the virus transforming increases.
The more opportunities a virus has for spreading, the more opportunities and more of its replicates have for changes (1). Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 circulate the world. In the fall of 2020, several new options appeared, primarily: (2) A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 (known as 20I/501Y.V1, VOC 202012/01, or B.1.1.7) with a large number of mutations has appeared in the UK. Since then, this variant has been found in many countries worldwide, including the United States (USA). In28 January 2021, scientists from the UK presented evidence (3) showing that option B.1.1.7 may be associated with an increased risk of death than other options. More research is needed to con rm this conclusion. This new form was reported in the United States at the end of December 2020.
In South Africa, another modi ed form of SARS-CoV-2 (20H/501Y.V2 or B. This option is associated with increased permeability (i.e., faster and more e cient Transmission).
In January 2021, UK scientists presented evidence (3) showing that option B.1.1.7 may be associated with an increased risk of death compared to other options.
Early reports found no evidence that this option in any way affects the severity of the disease or the effectiveness of the vaccine (4,5,6) Beta: B. This variation was rst perceived in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa, in preliminaries dating from early October 2020, and cases have since been found external South Africa, including the United States.
An option was also identi ed in Zambia at the end of December 2020, when it proved to be the predominant option in the country.
There is currently no evidence that this option in any way affects the severity of the disease.
There is some evidence that one of the spike protein mutations, E484K, may interfere with neutralization by some monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (6, 7). There is evidence to suggest that some mutations in variant P.1 may affect its transmissibility and antigenic pro le, which may affect the ability of antibodies from previous natural infection or vaccination to recognize and neutralize the virus.
A new report revealed many cases in Manaus, the biggest city in the Amazon locale, wherein variation P.1 was recognized in 42% of tests sequenced since late December. (7) It is assessed that as of October 2020, roughly 75% of the populace in this area has been contaminated with SARS-CoV2. In any case, since mid-December, the area has seen an increment in the number of cases. The development of this variation raises worries about the likely expansion in contagiousness or the inclination of people to re-contamination with SARS-CoV-2.
This new mutant was identi ed in the United States at the end of January 2021.  (11). The P681R is located at the S1-S2 cut site, and strains with mutations appear to have increased replication, increasing viral load and infection rate (12). Although the global prevalence of the Mu variation among sequenced cases has decreased to below 0.1 percent, the prevalence in Colombia (39 percent) and Ecuador (40 percent) is still high (13 percent) Despite a few transformations in spike ,SARS-COV-2B.1.621 is neautarzalized by the P zer vaccine elicited antibodies, They note that the balance ,in spite of the fact successful ,was lower than that of the other corona virus variations (17).Snell et al ,proposes that MU variation has two cases of potential vaccine -espcape" .They categorized in that a few of the spike changes inside Mu 'have been detilaled to appear dimished balance by antibidoes .
The Mu variation was moreover found to have the same spike difeerentiation that has been delibilated immunization reaction with the Beta Variants .The presence of transformation related with immunisation elude might warrant renaming of this variation to a variation of concern (18)

Other variations
The Eta variant (B.1.525) was rst identi ed in Nigeria in December 2020. Its spike mutations include D614G, E484K, and Q677H, which affect antibody neutralization and transmission (19).
Epsilon mutants (B.1.427 / B.1.429) were rst identi ed in the United States in September 2020 and showed L452R, D614G as spike mutations, but their effect on antibody neutralization and transmission (19).
Theta variant (P.3) was rst identi ed in the Philippines in January 2021, and E484K, D614G, N501Y, and P681H were detected as peak mutations affecting antibody neutralization and transmission (19).
The Iota variant (B.1.526) was rst identi ed in the United States in December 2020, using D614G, E484K, and A701V as peak mutations that affect antibody neutralization (19).
The Zeta mutant (P.2) was rst identi ed in Brazil in January 2021, and E484K and D614G were detected as spike mutations affecting antibody neutralization (19).
Not all of the above variants have been shown to cause more severe illness (19).

Booster dose
There are several reasons why a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine may be needed.
i. Over time, your defenses against infections and illnesses, especially severe illnesses, decrease (that is, your immunity decreases).
ii. Reduced protection against Variant of Concern (VOC) iii. There is insu cient protection from the currently recommended prime series for some risk groups that may lack evidence from Phase 3 clinical trials.
The foundation for booster doses may vary by vaccine product, epidemiological situation, vaccination rate, and risk group. Still, in situations where global vaccine supply limitations continue, booster doses increase demand and are in short supply. It exacerbates inequality by consuming the supply it has. In national or local situations, you have not yet received a series of primary vaccinations. For now, the focus is on increasing global vaccination rates in the primary series (one or two doses for current EUL vaccines) (20).

Fungal pandemic
The current rise of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with reports of fungal infections such as aspergillosis and mucormycosis, particularly among seriously ill patients treated with steroids. Recent cases of COVID-19 in India during the second wave of the pandemic are associated with increased reports of invasive mucormycosis after COVID-19 (21).
Several factors can contribute to the development of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients, including diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid use, obesity, and the progress of cytokine storms. SARS-CoV-2 triads, steroids, and unrestrained diabetes mellitus contributed to a signi cant increase in the incidence of vascular in ltrative maxillofacial zygomycosis. However, the existence of spores and other factors can also play a role (22).
With an increasing number of critically ill patients infected with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2, mucormycosis, prevalence Risk for patients at risk of mucormycosis based on the epidemiological burden of diabetes is essential to develop a base approach. Intrinsic, severity of COVID-19 disease, and use of immunomodulators, including the combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants in cancer and transplant patients (21).
The COVID-19 immunizations, as of now being a rmed or developed, are required to give probably some protection against new variations of the virus, as these antibodies get an expansive invulnerable reaction, including the scope of antibodies and cells. Consequently, changes or transformations in the infection ought not to deliver antibodies incapable. If any of these immunizations end up being less potent against at least one variation, the creation of the antibodies can be changed to secure against these variations (1,(23)(24) Scaling up vaccine production and introducing vaccines as widely and quickly as possible will also be important ways to protect people before they are directly exposed to the virus and the risk of new variants emerging. Priority should be given to vaccinating high-risk populations everywhere to maximize global protection against new variants and minimize the risk of transmission. Moreover, ensuring equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines is more critical than ever in tackling the evolving pandemic. We expect that as more people are vaccinated, the circulation of the virus will decrease, resulting in fewer mutations.
Developing countries lack the equipment to identify new options, even if they do occur.

Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Nil Consent for publication: all authors have consent for publication in journal.
Availability of data and material: it is mentioned above in the aspect of material.
Competing interests: Nil  Percentage of the population receiving at least one dose per region, courtesy of Our World in Data, WHO, United Nations, and kff.