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Background: The classification and application of Daur medicine is an essential part of Chinese ethnomedicinal knowledge. However, the cataloging of traditional Daur medicine is still limited. As Daur medicine is gradually being replaced by traditional Chinese and modern medicine, further research is urgently needed.
Methods: We collected ethnobotany and ethnozoology data via semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and extensive literature reviews. Medicinal samples and specimens were collected during field investigations from June 2015 to October 2018. Attending diseases and ailments were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases 11th (ICD-11). The expression correlation of medicine classification, medicine and disease was assessed using Cytoscape 3.6.1 software. Use values were calculated to determine the importance of tradition medicinal plants and animals.
Results: We documented 30 plant species (from 19 families) and 21 animal species (from 11 families). The majority of the species were previously collected from natural habitats but they have gradually become cultivated. The most widely utilized plants were herbs (21 species), followed by shrubs (4), trees (3), and fungus (2). The most utilized groups of animals were mammals (14 species), followed by birds (5), amphibians (1), and reptiles (1). Medicines were mostly administered orally (39), but were also externally applied (11), or via both routes (9). Informants indicated that medicines were prepared via decoction (21), grinding (11), boiling (10), extraction (8), and burning (7). Most medicines are taken/consumed as a drink (37), eaten (16), or made into pills and powders (7), but also used as an anointment/wash (6), wrap/dressing (5), in the nose, eyes, and mouth (4), or as a fumigate (2). The reported traditional Daur medicines treated 76 human diseases or ailments classified under 13 disease categories, based on the ICD-11. The most commonly used medicinal species were Cervus elaphus, Cervus nippon, Capreolus capreolus, Gallus gallus, Canis lupus familiaris, Betula platyphylla, and Artemisia integrifolia.
Conclusions: A wealth of ethnobiological and ethnozoological knowledge exists, which may lead to the development of new drugs; thus, such knowledge urgently requires documentation. The information documented in the present study will be useful for future studies on the ethnopharmacological and traditional knowledge of the Daur region.
Keywords
Daur, Hulunuir area, Plant medicines, Animal medicines, Ethnomedicine
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Received 08 Apr, 2020
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Received 08 Apr, 2020
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 08 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 29 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 25 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Mar, 2020
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On 23 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Mar, 2020
Version 1
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No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 08 Feb, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 05 Feb, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 05 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 10 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 01 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 01 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 02 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 02 Dec, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Dec, 2019
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Translational Medicine
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This preprint is under consideration at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
The most recent version of this article is available here.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 05 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 May, 2020
No comments provided
Review #3 received
Received 08 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Apr, 2020
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 08 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 29 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 25 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Mar, 2020
Version 1
Posted 10 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 08 Feb, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 05 Feb, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 05 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 10 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 01 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 01 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 02 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 02 Dec, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 01 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 01 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Translational Medicine
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
The most recent version of this article is available here.
Background: The classification and application of Daur medicine is an essential part of Chinese ethnomedicinal knowledge. However, the cataloging of traditional Daur medicine is still limited. As Daur medicine is gradually being replaced by traditional Chinese and modern medicine, further research is urgently needed.
Methods: We collected ethnobotany and ethnozoology data via semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and extensive literature reviews. Medicinal samples and specimens were collected during field investigations from June 2015 to October 2018. Attending diseases and ailments were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases 11th (ICD-11). The expression correlation of medicine classification, medicine and disease was assessed using Cytoscape 3.6.1 software. Use values were calculated to determine the importance of tradition medicinal plants and animals.
Results: We documented 30 plant species (from 19 families) and 21 animal species (from 11 families). The majority of the species were previously collected from natural habitats but they have gradually become cultivated. The most widely utilized plants were herbs (21 species), followed by shrubs (4), trees (3), and fungus (2). The most utilized groups of animals were mammals (14 species), followed by birds (5), amphibians (1), and reptiles (1). Medicines were mostly administered orally (39), but were also externally applied (11), or via both routes (9). Informants indicated that medicines were prepared via decoction (21), grinding (11), boiling (10), extraction (8), and burning (7). Most medicines are taken/consumed as a drink (37), eaten (16), or made into pills and powders (7), but also used as an anointment/wash (6), wrap/dressing (5), in the nose, eyes, and mouth (4), or as a fumigate (2). The reported traditional Daur medicines treated 76 human diseases or ailments classified under 13 disease categories, based on the ICD-11. The most commonly used medicinal species were Cervus elaphus, Cervus nippon, Capreolus capreolus, Gallus gallus, Canis lupus familiaris, Betula platyphylla, and Artemisia integrifolia.
Conclusions: A wealth of ethnobiological and ethnozoological knowledge exists, which may lead to the development of new drugs; thus, such knowledge urgently requires documentation. The information documented in the present study will be useful for future studies on the ethnopharmacological and traditional knowledge of the Daur region.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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