[1]. Alberti, K.G., et al., Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation, 2009. 120(16): p. 1640-5.
[2]. Aguilar, M., et al., Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2003-2012. JAMA, 2015. 313(19): p. 1973-4.
[3]. Lu, J., et al., Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults in China: The 2010 China Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2017. 102(2): p. 507-515.
[4]. Mullur, R., Y.Y. Liu and G.A. Brent, Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev, 2014. 94(2): p. 355-82.
[5]. McAninch, E.A. and A.C. Bianco, Thyroid hormone signaling in energy homeostasis and energy metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2014. 1311: p. 77-87.
[6]. Al-Adsani, H., L.J. Hoffer and J.E. Silva, Resting energy expenditure is sensitive to small dose changes in patients on chronic thyroid hormone replacement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997. 82(4): p. 1118-25.
[7]. Jang, J., et al., Association between thyroid hormones and the components of metabolic syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord, 2018. 18(1): p. 29.
[8]. Jayanthi, R., et al., Association of divalent cations and insulin resistance with thyroid hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2017. 11 Suppl 2: p. S885-S890.
[9]. Ferrannini, E., et al., Insulin resistance and normal thyroid hormone levels: prospective study and metabolomic analysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2017. 312(5): p. E429-E436.
[10]. Ren, R., et al., Association between thyroid hormones and body fat in euthyroid subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2014. 80(4): p. 585-90.
[11]. Park, B.H., et al., The association of thyroid hormones and blood pressure in euthyroid preadolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 2016. 29(4): p. 459-64.
[12]. Inoue, K., et al., Association Between Serum Thyrotropin Levels and Mortality Among Euthyroid Adults in the United States. Thyroid, 2016. 26(10): p. 1457-1465.
[13]. Oh, J.Y., Y.A. Sung and H.J. Lee, Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid young women. Korean J Intern Med, 2013. 28(2): p. 180-6.
[14]. Xu, B., et al., Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in a Chinese community-based population of euthyroid people aged 40 years and older. J Biomed Res, 2016. 30(6): p. 476-482.
[15]. Mehran, L., et al., Serum free thyroxine concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. Thyroid, 2014. 24(11): p. 1566-74.
[16]. Laclaustra, M., et al., Lower-normal TSH is associated with better metabolic risk factors: A cross-sectional study on Spanish men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2015. 25(12): p. 1095-103.
[17]. Lin, S.Y., et al., Lower serum free thyroxine levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population. Metabolism, 2005. 54(11): p. 1524-8.
[18]. Roos, A., et al., Thyroid function is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2007. 92(2): p. 491-6.
[19]. Wang, D., et al., Reference intervals for thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine in elderly Chinese persons. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2019. 57(7): p. 1044-1052.
[20]. Ruhla, S., et al., A high normal TSH is associated with the metabolic syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2010. 72(5): p. 696-701.
[21]. Kratzsch, J., et al., New reference intervals for thyrotropin and thyroid hormones based on National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry criteria and regular ultrasonography of the thyroid. Clin Chem, 2005. 51(8): p. 1480-6.
[22]. Verrusio, W., et al., Thyroid hormones, metabolic syndrome and Vitamin D in middle-aged and older euthyroid subjects: a preliminary study. Aging Clin Exp Res, 2019. 31(9): p. 1337-1341.
[23]. Boggio, A., et al., Is thyroid-stimulating hormone within the normal reference range a risk factor for atherosclerosis in women? Intern Emerg Med, 2014. 9(1): p. 51-7.
[24]. Mehran, L., et al., Variations in Serum Free Thyroxine Concentration Within the Reference Range Predicts the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Obese Adults: A Cohort Study. Thyroid, 2017. 27(7): p. 886-893.
[25]. Garduno-Garcia, J.J., et al., TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects. Eur J Endocrinol, 2010. 163(2): p. 273-8.
[26]. Berti, J.A., et al., Thyroid hormone increases plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and plasma high-density lipoprotein removal rate in transgenic mice. Metabolism, 2001. 50(5): p. 530-6.
[27]. Iwen, K.A., et al., Metabolic Syndrome in Thyroid Disease. Front Horm Res, 2018. 49: p. 48-66.
[28]. van Tienhoven-Wind, L.J. and R.P. Dullaart, Low-normal thyroid function and the pathogenesis of common cardio-metabolic disorders. Eur J Clin Invest, 2015. 45(5): p. 494-503.
[29]. Parle, J.V., et al., Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study. Lancet, 2001. 358(9285): p. 861-5.
[30]. Cappola, A.R., et al., Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA, 2006. 295(9): p. 1033-41.
[31]. Chaker, L., et al., Thyroid function and risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Med, 2016. 14(1): p. 150.
[32]. Michalopoulou, G., et al., High serum cholesterol levels in persons with 'high-normal' TSH levels: should one extend the definition of subclinical hypothyroidism? Eur J Endocrinol, 1998. 138(2): p. 141-5.
[33]. Sieminska, L., et al., Associations between metabolic syndrome, serum thyrotropin, and thyroid antibodies status in postmenopausal women, and the role of interleukin-6. Endokrynol Pol, 2015. 66(5): p. 394-403.